Background: Glucocorticoid (GC) use is commonly used in chemotherapy regimens and may lead to hyperglycemia and increased infection rates. We assessed the impact of diabetes (DM) and hyperglycemia on rates of health-care utilization, infections and survival among patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on 1,781 patients who received intravenous chemotherapy with GC between 2010 and 2015. Demographic, clinical, and health-care utilization (HCU) data was obtained using electronic medical record, billing modules, and the tumor registry; HCU included tallies of emergency room, urgent care, and inpatient visits. Logistic regression models were used to compare survival and new infections between patients with and without DM, after adjusting for demographic and cancer-related variables. Results: In the first 12 months following chemotherapy, patients with DM (n = 330) had higher rates of hospital admissions (70.9% vs 57.4%, p< 0.001), more infection-related admissions (37.0% vs 29.2%, p = 0.007), and increased rates of new infections (61.2% vs 49.2%, p < 0.001) when compared to patients without DM (n = 1,451). One-year survival rate was worse among patients with DM (67.3% vs 78.3%, p < 0.001), as well as patients with at least one glucose reading above 300 mg/dL following chemotherapy (60.8% vs 78.5, p < 0.001). After adjusting for cancer stage, age, and gender, we found DM history increased the odds of dying within one year after diagnosis by 86% (OR 1.86, 95% CI (1.37 – 2.52), p < 0.001) and of new infections by 68% (OR 1.68, 95% CI (1.26 – 2.24), p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among patients with cancer receiving intravenous chemotherapy with GC we demonstrate patients with DM have more hospital admissions, increased rates of infections, and worse survival. Prospective studies are urgently needed to elucidate what level of glycemic control is needed to potentially improve outcomes for patients with DM receiving chemotherapy with GC.