High-sensitive multi-cancers early detection for 8 cancer types by cell-free DNA targeted methylation sequencing: A retrospective cohort study.

Authors

null

Huiyan Luo

Sun Yat Sen University Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China

Huiyan Luo , Pansong Li , Wei Wei , Yong-Bin Lin , Hong Yang , Han Yang , Kong-Jia Luo , Xiaoman Hu , Haibo Qiu , Shu-Qiang Yuan , Yuan-fang Li , Xiao-Jun Lin , Bo-kang Cui , Li Xu , Rong-Xin Zhang , Wenhua Fan , Chunyan Lan , Ting Wan , Qi-hua Zhang , Rui-Hua Xu

Organizations

Sun Yat Sen University Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China, Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, China, Geneplus-Beijing Insititute, Beijing, China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, and State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China

Research Funding

No funding sources reported

Background: Early screening effectively reduces mortality associated with cancer. Currently, most cancers lack effective screening paradigms. We developed blood-based multi-cancers early detection (MCED) and cancer signal origin (CSO) approaches in 8 types of cancers including esophageal, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic, liver, lung, breast and ovarian cancer. Methods: DNA methylation data generated based on GM-seq by public and internal whole genome methylation data. Based on these data, a panel of 155,362 CpG sites spanning the 2.0M genome was constructed and validated. We enrolled a case-control cohort of 746 participants (522 cancers, 224 non-cancers) for MCED model development. cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was isolated from 10 ml peripheral blood from each participant. A targeted methylation sequencing of cfDNA in plasma baseline was established using 224 non-cancers blood samples for 8 types of cancers. Finally, we developed a MCED model named AMBER for distinguishing cancer from non-cancer individuals. Results: DNA methylation data were from 8 types of cancers (cancer tissues: n=812, adjacent/normal tissues: n=416, cancer peripheral bloods: n=624, normal peripheral bloods: n=503) in internal and Infinium Human Methylation 450K array (cancer tissues: n=5000+, adjacent/normal tissues: n=1000+) from public data. 224 non-cancer individuals (healthy: n=196, cancer benign: n=28, male: female, 54.3%: 45.7%) were collected as control, while 522 cancer patients (male: female, 50.0%: 50.0%, stage I 26.9%, II 21.1%) from esophageal (n=56, stage I: n=10), stomach (n=47, stage I: n=11), colorectal (n=72, stage I: n=16), pancreatic (n=64, stage I: n=16), liver (n=69, stage I: n=22), lung (n=103, stage I: n=46), breast (n=41) and ovarian cancer (n=70, stage I: n=17). AMBER showed 99.1% specificity and total sensitivity 77.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 73.4% to 80.7%). Of them, 56.8% (95% CI: 48.2% to 65.2%) of all stage I cases were detected, 70.6% (95% CI: 61.2% to 79.0%) for stage II, 84.5% (95% CI: 77.6% to 89.9%) for stage III, and 96.7% (95% CI: 91.8% to 99.1%) for stage IV. Strikingly, for stage I cancers, the sensitivity of esophageal, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic, liver, lung and ovarian cancer were 80.0%, 63.6%, 43.8%, 62.5%, 86.4%, 30.4% and 82.4% respectively. The sensitivity of esophageal, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic, liver, lung, breast and ovarian cancer reached 91.1%, 76.6%, 75.0%, 78.1%, 94.2%, 55.3%, 65.9% and 90.0%. For CSO model, the accuracy of TPO1 and TPO2 was 78.9% (95% CI: 74.6% to 82.8%) and 89.1% (95% CI: 85.6% to 92.0%). Conclusions: Our MCED tests demonstrated superior performance in detecting 8 types of cancers, especially early cancer screening, by utilizing cfDNA methylation information. It suggests the model can complement lack of multi-cancers early detection.

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Developmental Therapeutics—Molecularly Targeted Agents and Tumor Biology

Track

Developmental Therapeutics—Molecularly Targeted Agents and Tumor Biology

Sub Track

Circulating Biomarkers

Citation

J Clin Oncol 42, 2024 (suppl 16; abstr 3043)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.3043

Abstract #

3043

Poster Bd #

188

Abstract Disclosures

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