Development of a novel risk stratification model for immune-related adverse events for patients with advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Authors

null

Yizhuo Kelly Gao

University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada

Yizhuo Kelly Gao , Andrew Tran , Mehul Gupta , Daniel Yick Chin Heng , Tina Cheng , Igor Stukalin , Daniel E. Meyers , Winson Y. Cheung , Jose Gerard Monzon , Vishal Navani

Organizations

University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

Research Funding

No funding sources reported

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) transformed treatment paradigm across cancers. There remain few reliable, clinically accessible predictors of ICI-induced immune related adverse events (irAEs). We derive a novel risk stratification model for irAEs using baseline patient, tumor and treatment variables in a large cohort of patients with advanced melanoma (AM) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ICI. Methods: We conducted a multi-centre retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients with AM or NSCLC receiving ≥ 1 cycle of single-agent or combination ICI, in any line, 2015 - 2023, in Alberta, Canada. Clinically significant irAEs, defined as those requiring treatment delay or systemic steroids/steroid sparing agents, were identified as outcome of interest. The association between irAEs, overall survival (OS), and time to next treatment (TTNT) was assessed with Cox Proportional Hazards regression. Stepwise logistic regression was used to select and weight baseline variables associated with development of irAEs to derive a predictive risk score. Model validation was carried out on 500 iterations of bootstrapped samples. Harrel’s C-index was calculated and internally validated to ascertain the model’s discriminatory performance. Results: 1,292 total patients were included, 519 (218/489 [44.6%] AM and 301/803 [37.5%] NSCLC) developing a clinically significant irAE. Using a subset of 801 patients with available baseline characteristics, the following variables were identified and weighted for creation of risk model (risk score attributed): tumor type (NSCLC) (+1), age >60 (+1), ECOG ≥1 (-1), BMI ≥ 25 (+1), ICI after first line (-1), combination ICI (+4), >10 cycles of ICI (+2), albumin level < LLN (+2), adrenal metastasis (+1), multiple sites of metastasis (-1). Patients were stratified into 3 irAE risk groups based on combined score: low (n = 230, risk score ≤ 0), intermediate (n = 412, risk score 1-2), high (n = 159, risk score ≥3). The risk model performed well with an optimism-corrected c-index of 0.707 in internal validation, and strong association with odds of irAE occurrence (Table). The development of irAE was associated with an improvement in OS (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.41-0.44, p<0.001), with a median OS of 34.3 (95% CI 28.8-39.6) months compared to 12.0 (95% CI 10.6-14.3) months for those who did not develop an irAE. Similar robust stratification was also seen with TTNT. Conclusions: We presented and internally validated, a simple risk stratification tool that utilizes readily available baseline patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics to robustly stratify risk of irAE development.

irAE Risk GroupCumulative irAE Events (%)OR (95% CI)
Low43/230 (18.7%)Ref
Intermediate233/412 (56.6%)1.28 (1.19-1.38), p<0.001
High120/159 (75.5%)1.76 (1.61-1.93), p<0.001

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Developmental Therapeutics—Immunotherapy

Track

Developmental Therapeutics—Immunotherapy

Sub Track

Other IO-Related Topics

Citation

J Clin Oncol 42, 2024 (suppl 16; abstr 2649)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.2649

Abstract #

2649

Poster Bd #

128

Abstract Disclosures