St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
Omar Paningbatan Maaño , Mary Claire V. Soliman
Background: This study aims to identify the risk factors and predictors of tumor recurrence of breast cancer patients using the local data available in the Breast Care Center in East Avenue Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines. Methods: A chart review of 529 charts was done at the Breast Care Center between 2011–2017, and 474 charts were included. Demographics and Clinicopathologic features were gathered from the chart. Cox-proportional hazard regression was used to compute hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] of the different variables to compare the recurrence rates. Results: Breast cancer subtypes are as follows: 246 (52%) patients were HR+/Her2-, 52 (11%) were HR-/Her2+, 81 (17%) were HR+/Her2+, and 95 (20%) were HR-/Her2-. The mean age at diagnosis was 50 years old. The median BMI was 25 kg/m2. Most have hypertension (HTN) (21.7%) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (7%). The most common histology was invasive carcinoma NOS (92.6%), and 42.5% had a lymphovascular invasion. Only 6.7% received neoadjuvant systemic therapy, the rest had adjuvant systemic therapy. Mostly underwent modified radical mastectomy (92.8%). The most common cytotoxic agent used were cyclophosphamide (96.14%), doxorubicin (87.13%), docetaxel (53.37%), and 5-fluorouracil (37.87%). In the her2+ subtype, only 19.54% received trastuzumab. Among breast cancer subtypes, HR-/Her2+ has the highest tumor recurrence (15.38%), and HR+/Her2-, HR+/Her2+, and HR-/Her2- had 8.54%, 7.41%, and 11.96% had tumor recurrence, respectively. The median time to recurrence was 47, 24, 39.5, and 47 months with HR+/Her2-, HR-/Her2+, HR+/Her2+, and HR-/Her2-, respectively. The most common site of recurrence were bone (39%) and local recurrence (32.37%). Contralateral breast recurrence occurred in 2 patients with HR-/Her2+. In univariate analysis, HTN (HR 0.34 [0.13, 0.85], p=0.022), DM (HR 2.55 [1.19, 5.48], p=0.016), stage IIIA (HR 3.78 [1.04, 13.73], p=0.044), IIIB (HR 9.11 [2.46, 33.68] p=0.001), IIIC (HR 12.59 [3.50, 45.22], p<0.001), positive lymph nodes (HR 1.07 [1.02, 1.12] p=0.002), and patients who received doxorubicin (HR 0.44[0.23, 0.86], p=0.015) were statistically significant for tumor recurrence. In multivariate analysis, HTN (HR 0.32 [0.11, 0.94], p=0.038) and doxorubicin (HR 0.30 [0.13, 0.70], p=0.005) have the strongest effect for decreasing recurrence rate and DM (HR 7.45 [2.85, 19.46] p<0.001) and locally advanced stage (IIIB) (HR 10.97 [2.51, 48.06], p=0.001) were associated with greater risk of recurrence. Conclusions: In this study, we determined the risk factors and predictors of breast cancer tumor recurrence in a tertiary government hospital in a third-world country like the Philippines. Certain co-morbidities (HTN and DM), locally advanced stage at diagnosis, and systemic treatment received (doxorubicin) significantly affected tumor recurrences with breast cancer in our setting.
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