Background: Breast cancer patients submitted to neoadjuvant therapy have clinical-pathological factors that can correlate with favorable outcomes, such as pathologic complete response (pCR). However, patients who achieve pCR may develop recurrence due to other identifiable risk factors, and some molecular subtypes lack a prognostic marker such as pCR, depending on other factors to determine the risk of recurrence. Objective: Analyse clinical-pathological data from patients with recurrent breast cancer who received neoadjuvant therapy, and identify possible risk factors in this population. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective study of patients with recurrent breast cancer, submitted to neoadjuvant therapy between January 2007 and December 2018, at the AC Camargo Cancer Center; São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 1145 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy, we evaluated 304 who recurred, and crossed data with 841 patients that didn't present recurrence. Results: We analysed 304 patients (26.6%), 60.1% pre-menopause, 6.5% with BRCA1/2 gene mutation, 85.9% had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 53.8% were histologic grade (HG) III, and 84.2% had KI67 >20%. Clinical stage was 44.7% cT4, 28.3% cT3, 25.7% cT2 and 1.3% cT1, while 13.3% were cN3, 21.1% cN2, 43.8% cN1 and 21.7% cN0. Grouped clinical stage was 74.4% III, 25% II and 0.7% I. Molecular subtypes were 52.4% hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative (HR+/HER2-), 12.2% HR+/HER2+, 6.9% HR-/HER2+ and 28.6% HR-/HER2-. Regarding neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 92% received anthracycline and taxane, 23% dose-dense, 17.4% received trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab, and 20% of ER-/HER2- received carboplatin. Chemotherapy interruption occurred in 13.2% of patients, and 31.1% interrupted anti-HER2 therapy. Surgery was 82.9% mastectomy, 77% axillary dissection and 16.4% breast-conserving surgery. Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) score was 13.1% RCB 0, 5.8% RCB I, 35.3% RCBII and 45.8% RCB III. Ninety percent received adjuvant radiotherapy, 9.2% adjuvant capecitabine and 45% of HR+ adjuvant tamoxifen. We observed recurrence association with HG III (p = 0,001), Ki67 >20% (p = 0,001), clinical stage III (p < 0,001), cT4 and cN2/3 (p < 0,001), RBC > II/III (p = 0,001), molecular subtypes HR+/HER2- and HR-/HER2- (p = 0,042), interruption of neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0,002) and anti-HER2 therapy (p = 0,012), and use of adjuvant tamoxifen (p < 0,001). Adjuvant capecitabin and radiotherapy had no correlation with the outcome. Conclusions: Recurrence was associated with intrinsic factors, such as HG III, Ki67>20%, cT4, cN3/4 and molecular subtype, as well as RCB > II/III, treatment interruption and choice of adjuvant hormonal therapy, pointing out possible risk factors in our population.