Background: The introduction of immunotherapies has changed the first-line treatment landscape for advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). This study examines patient preferences in this rapidly changing environment to better understand the tradeoffs patients with aRCC are willing to make when choosing treatment. Methods: Patients with self-reported aRCC in the United States completed an online, cross-sectional survey. A discrete choice experiment was used to assess preferences for attributes of aRCC treatments. Patients completed a series of choice tasks showing 2 treatment profiles that varied in 7 important attributes identified through literature and qualitative research: overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), risk of adverse events, quality of life (QOL) changes, and treatment administration. Descriptive statistics were reported, and a hierarchical Bayesian logistic model was used to calculate preference weights. Relative importance estimates (mean ± standard error) were computed for each attribute; these represent the mean percentage of the variation in preferences explained by the attribute. Results: Survey results from a total of 299 patients were analyzed (male, 50%; mean age, 56 years). All 7 attributes were statistically significant for influencing the choice of treatment. Key attributes included treatment regimen convenience and QOL improvement, which ranked similarly to increasing survival time. Among the efficacy attributes, increasing survival time was most important, followed by ORR, PFS, and DOR. Reducing the risk of serious adverse events from 82% to 65% was prioritized after the efficacy parameters. Conclusions: Patients with aRCC highly value less burdensome treatment regimens and improved QoL in addition to improvement in survival. This highlights the need for a broader context beyond efficacy and safety when discussing treatment options with patients. Funding: This study was supported by Bristol Myers Squibb.