Background: Melanoma pathogenesis is still poorly studied. In more than 70% of cases, melanoma arises from a nevus. Gender differences in the rates and course of melanoma indicate the role of a hormonal factor in the disease pathogenesis. The purpose of the study was the search of correlations between the hormonal status and some neoangiogenesis factors in nevi and cutaneous melanoma. Methods: Levels of estrone (E1), estriol (E3), total (T) and free testosterone (fT), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), VEGF-A, EGF, IGF-I, IGF-II, TGFβ and FGF were studied by RIA and ELISA in tissues of cutaneous melanoma (n = 40) (_pT_1-3N_0-1M₀) and pigmented nevi (n = 30) of men and women. Intact skin obtained during surgery from patients without cancer was used as a control (n = 20). Correlations were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: Melanoma tissues showed increased levels of PRL, E1, VEGF, EGF, IGF-I, IGF-II, TGFβ and FGF, while T, E3 and P4 were decreased. A strong negative correlation between PRL and P4 (r = –0.95, р< 0.05) was observed in melanoma patients, as well as positive correlations between PRL and E1 (r = 0.99, р< 0.05), E1 and VEGF, IGF-I and TGF (r₁= 0.95, r₂= 0.99, r₃= 0.98, р_1,2,3< 0.05). E1 levels in nevi were similar to the levels in intact skin, while E3 was increased by 1.6 times, T – by 1.4 times, and fT – by 8.7 times. High T levels in nevi resulted in the shift of steroid balance towards androgens, and not estrogens, as in melanoma. Correlations between E1 and VEGF-A in nevi were not found. High levels of EGF, IGF-II and FGF in nevi could indicate a high proliferative activity in the tissues. Conclusions: The shift of steroid balance towards estrogens in melanoma correlates with neoangiogenesis factors which could be a pathognomonic factor.