Background: While taxane-monotherapy following fluoropyrimidine plus platinum is recognized as the standard treatment strategy for advanced gastric cancer, triplet chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 (DCS) is another option for first-line therapy in Japan. However, efficacy of taxane after DCS therapy has not been sufficiently evaluated. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of taxane-monotherapy after DCS between January 2010 and April 2015 for advanced gastric cancer. The taxane-monotherapy included weekly paclitaxel (PTX) (80 mg/m², day 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle) and triweekly nab-PTX (260 mg/m², day 1). Other selection criteria were: ECOG PS < 2; adequate organ function; no severe ascites; HER2-negative. Results: Thirty of 92 patients who had been treated with DCS received taxane-monotherapy. Fifteen and 15 patients received taxane-monotherapy as the second and third-line treatment, respectively. Patients characteristics of each group (2nd/3rd) were; median age: 64/62 (range 27-75/42-75); ECOG PS ≤ 1: 14/13; number of metastatic sites ≥ 2: 9/12; median taxane-free interval from first-line treatment: 1.6/3.4 (range 0.9-2.3/2.2-8.3) months; median total dose of prior DTX: 349/208 (range 39-844/141-685) mg/m². Number of patients who received PTX/nab-PTX were 10/5 and 13/2 in the second and third line treatment. Median relative dose intensity of taxane was 96.4% (range 57.6-172.9%) in the second-line, 98.5% (44.0-166.8%) in the third-line group. Response rate and disease control rate were 0% and 37.5% in the second-line, and 0% and 38.5% in the third-line group. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 3.4 and 5.8 months in the second-line group, and 2.0 and 4.5 months in the third-line. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, anemia, and anorexia, occurred in 33%, 13% and 13% in the second-line group, and 6.7%, 13% and 6.7% in the third–line group, associated with no treatment related death. Conclusions: It is suggested that taxane-monotherapy has acceptable toxicities but insufficient efficacy in advanced gastric cancer patients after DCS therapy.