Background: Due to a novel diagnostic and therapeutic options survival rate of breast cancer patients is constantly increasing. The therapy focuses not only on the removal of the primary disease, but also on improving the quality of life in breast cancer survivors, especially in the context of sexual well-being. Methods: A cohort of 121 women who underwent surgery for early stage breast cancer (stage I to IIB) were included in a retrospective cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. The questionnaire consisted of socio-epidemiological questions, medical and breast cancer diagnosis and treatment (chemo-, radio- and endocrine therapy) history and current relationship status. Sexual function was assessed by Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire, depressive symptoms by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, body image by Body Image after Breast Cancer Questionnaire and partner’s support by Provisions of Social Relation Scale. The investigated group was then divided according to sexual function evaluated by Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire into cases (CSFQ ≤ 41, n = 53) and controls (CSFQ > 41; n = 75). Results: The mean age of the investigated group was 51.1±10.1 years. 64.8% were diagnosed with stage I breast cancer. The analysis of correlations revealed that the scores in CSFQ correlated with higher patient age, higher partner age, higher levels of anxiety and depression, lower levels of support from the partner, the more negative self-image, longer time for breast surgery and the more radical surgery. When logistic regression model was used 3 main predictors of sexual dysfunction were noted: lack of sexual partner (odd ratio – 0.1), lower levels of support from the partner (odd ratio – 1.2) and higher levels of anxiety (odd ratio - 0.8). Conclusions: Breast cancer surgery, regardless of type, has a negative impact on female sexual function. The presence of a sexual partner and the support they provide as well as the level of state anxiety are the predictors of sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors. These factors should be taken into account when consulting patients treated for breast cancer.