Background: NVBo+P is considered as a standard treatment (trt) in M or LA NSCLC. The recent approval of Pem+P as front line chemotherapy (CT) for non-SCC demonstrates that today, histology could become a “new guidance” to treat patients (pts). Phase III trial (Scagliotti. JCO 2008) showed efficacy of Pem+P in patients with non-SCC pts. Moreover, the higher chemosensitivity of non-SCC is recognised and reported with other chemotherapies (Ardizzoni.JNCI 2007). In GLOB 3 study, NVBo+P also showed better survival in adenocarcinoma (11.7m) than in SCC (8.9m) (Tan.Ann of Oncol 2009). This trial was set up to assess the efficacy of NVBo+P compared to Pem+P for pts with non-SCC histological type. The primary end-point was disease control rate (DCR) including overall response rate (ORR) and stable disease (SD). Methods: Pts were randomised to receive NVBo 80 mg/m² D1D8 (60 at Cycle 1) + P 80 mg/m² D1 q3w or Pem 500 mg/m² + P 75 mg/m² D1 q3w. After 4 cycles of trt, for pts showing a disease control, single agent as continuation maintenance (CM) was proposed until progression or toxicity. Given that Pem+P is now considered as a reference trt in non-SCC, pts were randomised on a 2/1 basis and stratified according to stage (IIIB - IV - relapse), non-SCC confirmed by histology or cytology, gender, smoking status and centre. Results: From 10/09 to 02/11, 153 pts were randomised to receive NVBo+P (102 pts) or Pem+P (51 pts). The efficacy between the 2 arms is similar: The ORR/DCR (Recist 1.1) after 4 cycles of trt are 26%/75% in the NVBo arm (100 eval pts in ITT population) and 24%/78% in the Pem arm (50 eval pts in ITT population). At the end of December 2011, 7 patients are still treated in CM: 5 pts in the NVBo arm and 2 pts in the Pem arm. Conclusions: The 2 CT regimen, NVBo+P or Pem+P have a similar efficacy in terms of ORR/DCR for pts with advanced non-SCC NSCLC. These results appear to be in line with the published data. As the analysis is currently in progress, final results including safety data, PFS and OS will be presented during the meeting.