Effects of HPV vaccination on the development of HPV-related cancers: A retrospective analysis of a United States-based cohort.

Authors

null

Jefferson DeKloe

Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA

Jefferson DeKloe , Zachary David Urdang , Ubaldo E. Martinez Outschoorn , Joseph M. Curry

Organizations

Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Departments of Otolaryngology and Clinical/Experimental Pharmacology - Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Jefferson Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA

Research Funding

No funding sources reported

Background: Several studies have shown the efficacy of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in reducing the risk of cervical cancer. Given the recent introduction of the HPV vaccine, there has been limited evidence linking vaccination to a decreased likelihood of developing other HPV-related cancers. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a patient population selected from the TriNetX United States Collaborative Network. Patients 9-39 years old attending medical encounters where any vaccine was administered between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2023 were divided into two cohorts: patients vaccinated for HPV at least five years prior and those no history of HPV vaccination. Outcomes were malignancies at the following sites: Head and Neck (HNC), Cervix, Anus & Anal Canal, Penis, Vulva, and Vagina. Patients with no prior history of cervical dysplasia undergoing Pap smear were observed for atypical cytology. Propensity score matching was performed to match cohorts for age, race/ethnicity, tobacco use, and BMI. Results: Males vaccinated for HPV (n = 760,540) were at decreased odds for HPV-related cancers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.46, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.72, p-value = 0.001). This finding was primarily driven by a significant reduction in HNC (OR = 0.44, CI = 0.26-0.73, p = 0.0016). Females vaccinated for HPV (n = 945,999) had lower odds for cervical (OR = 0.71, CI = 0.52-0.96, p-value = 0.027) cancers and HPV-related cancers overall (OR = 0.73, CI = 0.57-0.94, p = 0.013). Odds of HNC (OR = 0.67, CI = 0.42-1.1, p = 0.10) and Vulvar/Vaginal cancer (OR = 1.67, CI = 0.81-3.41, p = 0.16) were not significantly different in vaccinated females compared to controls. Vaccinated females were less likely to develop High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HGSIL), (OR = 0.44, CI = 0.30-0.65, p < 0.0001), and Carcinoma In-Situ(OR = 0.422, CI = 0.25-0.72, p = 0.002). Conclusions: These results suggest early evidence of efficacy in the vaccine in preventing the development of several types of malignancies and pre-malignant dysplasia caused by HPV.

OutcomeHPV Vaccinated: Patients with OutcomeHPV Vaccinated:Total PatientsNo HPV Vaccine: Patients with OutcomeNo HPV Vaccine: Total PatientsOdds Ratio (Vaccinated vs. Unvaccinated)P-value
Male Patients
Head and Neck Cancers21760,46748760,0540.44 (0.26-0.73)0.0016
Anal CancerSuppressed (n≤10)760,540Suppressed (n≤10)760,539--
Penile CancerSuppressed (n≤10)760,540Suppressed (n≤10)760,539--
All HPV-related Cancers26760,43557760,0360.46 (0.29-0.72)0.0010
Female Patients
Head and Neck Cancers29945,95343945,5800.67 (0.42-1.1)0.10
Cervical Cancer70945,69099945,9000.71 (0.52-0.96)0.027
Anal CancerSuppressed (n≤10)896,586Suppressed (n≤10)896,589--
Vulvar Cancer or Vaginal Cancer20945,96312945,9991.66 (0.81-3.41)0.16
All HPV-related Cancers109945,584149945,4410.73 (0.57-0.94)0.013

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Oral Abstract Session

Session Title

Prevention, Risk Reduction, and Genetics

Track

Prevention, Risk Reduction, and Genetics

Sub Track

Cancer Prevention

Citation

J Clin Oncol 42, 2024 (suppl 16; abstr 10507)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.10507

Abstract #

10507

Abstract Disclosures