Background: Childhood cancer is rare, with an annual global incidence of 400,000 cases. Research articles play a crucial role in disseminating significant advancements in this rare field; however, it often experiences delays. We investigated the key factors influencing the transition from abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meetings to publication of articles in the pediatric oncology field. Methods: We analyzed oral (OA), poster (PA), and publication-only abstracts (PO) presented during pediatric oncology sessions at ASCO Annual Meetings from 2017 to 2023. We cross-referenced abstract titles and authors with PubMed-indexed journals. Each predictor was assessed for its correlation with the publication status using the chi-square test. Additionally, logistic regression was performed to understand the influence of each predictor while controlling for other variables. Results: A total of 521 abstracts were identified. Among these, 93 were OA, 270 were PA, and 158 were PO. Of these, 67%, 60%, and 32% were eventually published, respectively. The mean time to publication was 21.3 months for OA, 17.15 months for PA, and 23.4 months for PO. Female authors comprised 56% of the first authors. Funding was provided for 96% of OA, 87.7% of PA, and 63% of PO. Only 7% of all abstracts were from low-middle-income countries (LMICs). A significant correlation was found between the likelihood of publication and the income level of the authors' country of affiliation (p<0.0001), the number of authors (p=0.001), presentation type (p<0.0001), availability of funding (p<0.0001), and the number of institutions involved (p=0.0001). The gender of the first author was not a significant predictor of publication (p=0.46). However, according to the logistic regression model, only the availability of funding and presentation type had a significant impact on the likelihood of publication (p<0.05), while the other variables were found to be insignificant. Conclusions: Our study underscores the critical role of funding as a driver in the publication process. Researchers from LMICs are less likely to publish, likely due to a lack of funding. Furthermore, we observed a delay in publication, with an average time exceeding a year and a half. These findings emphasize the importance of equitable funding access and enhanced publication processes to improve research dissemination.