Stratification of patients with prostate cancer using a comprehensive multiomic approach: Integrating extracellular vesicle transcriptomics profiling with cfDNA methylation in urine-based liquid biopsy.

Authors

null

Dulaney Miller

Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., Waltham, MA

Dulaney Miller , Kyle Manning , Shuran Xing , T. Jeffrey Cole , Christopher J. Benway , Elena M Cortizas , J. Christian J. Ray , Siva Gowrisankar , Sudipto Chakrabortty , Brian Haynes , Sandra M. Gaston , Seth Yu , Sanoj Punnen , Johan Skog

Organizations

Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., Waltham, MA, Exosome Diagnostics, Waltham, MA, University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, Desai Sethi Urology Institute at the University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL

Research Funding

National Cancer Institute/U.S. National Institutes of Health

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the sixth most prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality in men globally. Here, we employ a multiomic approach that utilizes both urine cfDNA and extracellular vesicle (EV) RNA-derived analytes to improve the risk stratification of individuals with PCa. Methods: Samples were collected from 106 individuals with elevated PSA levels (median: 6.5 ng/ml) who underwent urine collection before biopsy and MRI for comparative analysis. Within the cohort, 51 were diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer (≥GG3), 11 were classified as intermediate risk (GG2), and 44 showed no or low-grade prostate cancer (≤GG1). EV-RNA and cfDNA were concurrently isolated from each urine specimen to exploit complementary data within the same sample. We developed an EV-RNA sequencing platform targeting mRNAs and lncRNAs and targeted 50 million reads per sample; cfDNA methylome profiling reached an equivalent sequencing depth. Expression of EV-RNA and splice variant Differential Transcript Usage (DTU) in addition to cfDNA methylation patterns were analyzed using Bio-Techne’s multiomic platform. Machine learning-based feature selection algorithms identified biomarker signatures from each analyte. Receiver-operator characteristic curves (ROC) were generated utilizing leave-one-out cross-validation of naïve Bayes classifier models to compute the area under the curve (AUC). Individual signatures were integrated to generate a multiomic classifier. Results: Differential gene expression (DEx) analysis identified DEx genes between low and high-risk patients with known and novel implications in PCa. Tissue deconvolution analysis revealed a high representation of testis, prostate, kidney, and lymphocyte in the EV-RNA samples. Additionally, splice variant analysis unveiled several genes previously implicated in PCa with DTU. Over 18,000 differentially methylated bases were detected between high and low-risk PCa patients and subsequent segmentation of the genome elucidated highly variable segments. Following feature selection analysis, AUCs obtained from top features of EV-RNA expression, splice variants, and cfDNA methylation, demonstrated an integrative multi-analyte signature with an AUC surpassing any individual analyte and MRI PI-RADS. While signatures obtained from each analyte resulted in the effective stratification of PCa risk, the multiomic signature further improved discriminatory power, highlighting the complementary nature of the signals. Thus, a multiomic strategy leveraging cfDNA and EV cargo exhibits significant potential as a next generation risk assessment tool for high-grade PCa. This approach has the capacity to facilitate more informed decision-making in disease management.

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Publication Only

Session Title

Publication Only: Genitourinary Cancer—Prostate, Testicular, and Penile

Track

Genitourinary Cancer—Prostate, Testicular, and Penile

Sub Track

Prostate Cancer–Local-Regional Disease

Citation

J Clin Oncol 42, 2024 (suppl 16; abstr e17095)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.e17095

Abstract #

e17095

Abstract Disclosures

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