Background: To determine the impact of preoperative endoscopic nasal biliary drainage (ENBD) and/or endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) procedures on intrahepatic recurrence rate in patients with cholangiocarcinoma after surgical resection. Methods: Between January 2005 and January 2023, 143 patients diagnosed cholangiocarcinoma and received surgical resection. Among 143 patients, 99 patients were treated with preoperative ENBD and/or ERBD. We retrospectively analysed prognostic factors (age, gender, preoperative ENBD and/or ERBD, tumor differentiation, pT factor, lymph node metastasis, surgical margin, lymphovascular invasion, preoperative maximal total bilirubin, postoperative chemoradiation/chemotherapy/radiation therapy, CA19-9) for recurrence after surgical resection. Results: Intrahepatic recurrence after surgical resection was detected in 22 /99(22.2%) patients with preoperative ENBD and/or ERBD, and 5/44(11.4%) patients without preoperative ENBD and/or ERBD for median period of 12 months (range 0-48). On univariate analysis, intrahepatic recurrence rate of patients who underwent ENBD and/or ERBD (n=99) was higher than that of patients who did not (n=44) (P=0.090) and and that of patients who had T3/T4 factor (n=74) was higher than that of who had T1/T2 factor (n=69) (P=0.168). Intrahepatic recurrence rateof patients who had elevated CA19-9 (> 200) (n=49) was higher than that of patients who had not (n=94) (P=0.002). In multivariate analyses, preoperative ENBD and/or ERBD and elevated serum CA19-9 level (>200 ng/mL) were prognostic factors for intrahepatic recurrence, with hazard ratios (HR) of 2.154 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.893-7.626, P = 0.080) and 3.647, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.660-8.011, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Preoperative preoperative endoscopic nasal biliary drainage (ENBD) and/or endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) procedures may affect the intrahepatic recurrence of tumor in patient with cholangiocarcinoma after surgical resection. And serum elevated CA 19-9 level affected intrahepatic recurrence of tumor in patients with cholangiocarcinoma after surgical resection.