Genomic landscape of multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease: Results from a large patient database.

Authors

null

Mateo Mejia Saldarriaga

Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY

Mateo Mejia Saldarriaga , David Jayabalan , Aubrie Sowa , Jorge Monge , Cara Rosenbaum , Roger Pearse , Ruben Niesvizky , Sajay Patel , Mark Bustoros

Organizations

Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, University College Dublin Medical School, Dublin, Ireland

Research Funding

Conquer Cancer Foundation of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Conquer Cancer Foundation of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

Background: Extramedullary disease (EMD) is associated with poor outcomes and the biological mechanisms driving this phenotype are poorly understood. We used the CoMMpass registry data to explore the genomic characteristics of EMD. Methods: The CoMMpass study is a prospective, international registry of newly diagnosed MM. 1143 patients had clinical data. Patients were classified as EMD if they had EMD at any point. Genomic data from bone marrow (BM) samples at diagnosis (whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing (WES), and RNA sequencing (RNAseq)) were compared between EMD and non-EMD. A multivariable model was constructed based on univariable results. Differential expression (DEA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed after normalization using Hallmark and MM transcriptomic subgroups. The top 24 most mutated genes in MM were selected. Results: The median overall survival (mOS) and progression free survival (PFS) was shorter for EMD. The presence of EMD, anemia at diagnosis, age >65 years at diagnosis, ISS stage, and use of ASCT at the first line were independently associated with worse mOS and PFS. EMD was associated with worse mOS (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3 - 2.2 p <0.01) and PFS (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.23 - 1.8, p <0.01) in multivariable analysis and was not abrogated by ASCT, triplet induction or maintenance. Results did not vary when landmark analysis was used. MYC amplification, deletion 18q and 1q amplification were enriched in EMD cases. TP53 mutations and TP53 bi-allelic inactivation (mutation and deletion) were enriched in EMD (Table). DEA identified 1552 genes with increased and 3344 with decreased expression (2.7%, 5.4% of total genes respectively) in EMD when compared to non-EMD. On GSEA, EMD cases were enriched for the CD-1, PR, and CTA myeloma gene expression signatures, in addition to the Hallmark pathways MYC target, E2F targets, G2M checkpoint and unfolded protein response, while the adhesion molecules pathway and MM gene signatures LB, MS, and MF were downregulated in EMD. Conclusions: EMD cases were enriched for TP53 mutations and bi-allelic TP53 inactivation, both of which are prognostic. In addition, MYC amplification, 18q deletion and 1q gain were enriched in EMD which are novel CNA associated with EMD. EMD is also enriched for distinct molecular subgroup, including enrichment for CD-1, PR, and CTA signatures, the latter two are associated with poor outcomes, and the Hallmark pathways MYC, E2F and G2M checkpoints consistent with MYC amplification and PR molecular subgroup. WES and RNAseq of matching BM and EMD tissue samples from our institution is currently being performed.

StatusEMD n=130No EMD n=778P value
Del 17pPresent15 (11.9)75 (10.0)0.62
Gain 1qPresent55 (43.7)277 (36.9)0.16
Amp 8q24 (MYC)Present35 (27.8)116 (15.50.001
Del 18qPresent29 (23.0)106 (14.1)0.015
TP53 status and Deletion (%)Mutated13 (9.6)35 (4.4)0.020
CNA + Mutation9 (7.3%)21 (2.9%)0.016

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2023 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Hematologic Malignancies—Plasma Cell Dyscrasia

Track

Hematologic Malignancies

Sub Track

Multiple Myeloma

Citation

J Clin Oncol 41, 2023 (suppl 16; abstr 8058)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.8058

Abstract #

8058

Poster Bd #

50

Abstract Disclosures

Funded by Conquer Cancer