Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma rates by age, region, race, and ethnicity: A SEER database population study 2000-2019.

Authors

null

Eve Schodowski

The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH

Eve Schodowski , Akram Alkrekshi , Anas Al Zubaidi , Abdul Rahman Al Armashi

Organizations

The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, Department of Hematology and Oncology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, Johns Hopkins University - School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH

Research Funding

No funding received
None.

Background: Liver cancer (LC) incidence has tripled over the past four decades, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common type (72%). Further, LC mortality often coincides with incidence, as the disease is often fatal. To illustrate, the five-year survival rate (2012-2018) for LC is 21% at all stages, compared to lung cancer at 23% and colon cancer at 65%. While incidence and death rates of LC have stabilized in the past 5 years, troubling disparities have been identified when rates are stratified by region, age, race, and ethnicity. For example, HCC incidence in rural areas has increased by 5.7% annually, with rates approaching that of urban ones, despite a historically lower incidence. Consequently, as several inequalities in HCC have been established, the study herein aims to identify whether recognition of these disparities has helped to reduce their growth. Methods: We identified incidence rates of HCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program database at 4-year time intervals from 2000-2019, stratified by age above (>) and below (<) 60, metropolitan (M) vs nonmetropolitan (NM) counties, race, and ethnicity. Next, we calculated percent change and percent difference in HCC rates across time intervals and groups to evaluate trends. Results: Percent change in rates of HCC has increased since 2000 in those >60 in both M and NM areas with larger growth observed in NM counties. Conversely, between 2010 and 2019 HCC rates have declined in those <60, with a steeper decline observed in M (-18.2%) vs NM (-10.0%) counties. Alarmingly, when 2015-2019 HCC rates are stratified by race/ethnicity, each minority group studied exhibited considerably higher rates of HCC when compared to whites and non-Latinos of the same age group and region (percent difference = >60 M; >60 NM; <60 M; <60 NM): Black (50.3%; 37.2%; 24.1%; 26.6%), American Indian (21.2%; 85.8%; 7.6%; 77.5%), Asian (17.3%; 17.8%; 21.1%; 28.1%), and Latino (39.0%; 45.6%; 40.0%; 36.1%). [Reference: white rates = 35.4; 31.7; 5.1; 4.9 and non-Latino rates = 36.5; 33; 2.4; 2.5, respectively, per 100,000 and age adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population]. Conclusions: Recent data describes a stabilization in LC incidence and death rates over the past 5 years. However, when HCC incidence is stratified by age, region, race, and ethnicity, disconcerting trends continue to be revealed. As such, interventions should be targeted at those >60, living in NM areas, and in the minority groups studied to combat these disparities.

Percent change in rates of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Time IntervalMetropolitan Counties & Age >60Nonmetropolitan Counties & Age >60
2010-2014 to 2015-201918.5%34.9%
2005-2009 to 2010-201438.7%56.5%
2000-2004 to 2005-200920.2%28.8%
Metropolitan Counties & Age <60Nonmetropolitan Counties & Age <60
2010-2014 to 2015-2019-18.2%-10.0%
2005-2009 to 2010-20140%20.0%
2000-2004 to 2005-200937.5%38.9%

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2023 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Publication Only

Session Title

Publication Only: Gastrointestinal Cancer—Gastroesophageal, Pancreatic, and Hepatobiliary

Track

Gastrointestinal Cancer—Gastroesophageal, Pancreatic, and Hepatobiliary

Sub Track

Hepatobiliary Cancer - Advanced/Metastatic Disease

Citation

J Clin Oncol 41, 2023 (suppl 16; abstr e16179)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.e16179

Abstract #

e16179

Abstract Disclosures

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