Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with ultra-high tumor mutational burden (UHTMB): A comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) study.

Authors

null

Kristina Fanucci

Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI

Kristina Fanucci , Maryam B. Lustberg , Neal A. Fischbach , Maureen Pelletier , Abirami Sivapiragasam , Prashanth Ashok Kumar , Mansi Kallem , Natalie Danziger , Ethan Sokol , Smruthy Sivakumar , Dean C. Pavlick , Jeffrey S. Ross , Lajos Pusztai

Organizations

Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, Upstate University Hospital, Syracuse, NY, SUNY UPSTATE, Syracuse, NY, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Research Funding

Other
Foundation Medicine

Background: Pts with MBC whose tumors feature high TMB (≥ 10 mutations/Mb) are eligible for on label immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. This study evaluated the genomic landscape of MBC with “Ultra high” TMB, defined at > 20 mutations/Mb. Methods: 2049 MBC underwent hybrid capture-based CGP to evaluate all classes of genomic alterations (GA), TMB, microsatellite instability (MSI) and trinucleotide mutational signatures. HER2 IHC results were available in a subset of pts. PD-L1 expression on immunocytes was determined by IHC (Ventana SP142). Results: 45/2049 (2.2%) of MBC were UHTMB. 45 (100%) pts had metastatic disease. 38 (84%) had documented Stage IV disease and 7 documented axillary LN metastases at the time of sequencing. Local breast tumor was used for CGP in 19 (42.2%) MBC and metastatic site biopsy was used in 26 (57.8%). When compared with 2004 non-UHTMB pts with UHTMB were older (mean 64.6 yrs vs 58.2 yrs p < .0001), more often had lobular histology (40.0% vs 14.5% p < .0001) and ER+ disease (86.6% vs 70.0%). Of the 35 UHTMB cases with HER2 IHC data available, 11 (31.4%%) were HER2 IHC negative (0+), 21 (60.0%) were HER2-low status (9 1+ and 12 2+/ISH negative) and 3 (8.6%) were HER2 IHC positive (3+). 1/3 HER2 IHC2+ cases and 2/45 (4.4%) of all UHTMB cases were positive for HER2 copy number gain on CGP. UHTMB cases had more driver GA/tumor (mean 9.8 vs 5.7 p < .0001) and were less often TNBC (13.3% vs 27.0% p = .041) compared to non-UHTMB high cancers. Mutation signature analysis revealed APOBEC was predominant in UHTMB samples (82.5%); MMR signature was also observed in 10% of cases. MSI high status was significantly more frequent in UHTMB high cases (11.6% vs 0.4% p < .0001). GA more frequently identified in UHTMB cases included CDH1 (45.5% vs 14.3% p < .0001), PIK3CA (81.8% vs 37.9% p < .0001), CDKN2A (11.4% vs 3.2% p = .017), ARID1A (25.0% vs 5.0% p < .0001) and NF1 (20.5% vs 5.9% p = .0014). PD-L1 (CD274) gene amplification (2.3% vs 1.3%) or protein expression by the Ventana SP142 assay (57.14% vs 51.10%) were not significantly different among groups. Conclusions: UHTMB MBC is a rare, yet clinically important subset of clinically advanced breast cancer driven by APOBEC mutagenesis, with high incidence of ER+ lobular histology and frequent alterations in CDH1 and PIK3CA. In addition to potential benefit from ICI based treatment, UHTMB MBC present with a high frequency of HER2-low status which may impact therapy decisions for this rare disease.

Cases with 10-20 Mut/Mb (120)Cases with TMB < 20 Mut/Mb (2004)Cases with TMB >20 Mut/Mb (45)P Value
(TMB < 20 vs >20)
Mean Age60.358.264.60.000
ER+ Status by IHC69.10%68.22%86.60%0.013
HER2+ Amplification by CGP14.17%8.87%6.81%NS
Frequency of ILC Status31.77%14.50%40.00%< .0001
TNBC Status20.83%27.05%13.30%0.041
CDH127.10%14.32%45.50%< .0001
PIK3CA55.10%37.86%81.80%< .0001
MSI High Frequency1.81%0.40%11.60%< .0001
Mean TMB12.5003.532.4< .0001

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2023 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Breast Cancer—Metastatic

Track

Breast Cancer

Sub Track

Biologic Correlates

Citation

J Clin Oncol 41, 2023 (suppl 16; abstr 1036)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.1036

Abstract #

1036

Poster Bd #

257

Abstract Disclosures

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