Incidence of cardiac events in patients with MDS or AML receiving azacitidine or decitabine within a large community health system.

Authors

null

Noor Naffakh

University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL

Noor Naffakh , Michael Williams , Priyam Patel , Rachel Pedersen , Michael Peterson , Anthony DeFranco , Stephen Medlin , Sherjeel Sana , Zartash Gul

Organizations

University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, Advocate Aurora Health, Milwaukee, WI

Research Funding

No funding received
None.

Background: Hypomethylating agents (HMA) such as decitabine and azacitidine are frontline therapies for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Limited data exist on subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events. Johnson et al. reported 170 patients receiving HMA + venetoclax with a CV event rate of 20%. Aims: To investigate the incidence of CV events in patients receiving HMA. Methods: We analyzed adult AML and MDS patients with > 1 dose of azacitidine or decitabine from 1/2018-12/2020. New CV events were defined as new atrial fibrillation, acute coronary syndrome, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, or pericarditis. Competing risks regression identified baseline predictors associated with time to first CV event while accounting for the competing event of death. Results: 94 patients with no CV history were evaluated which consisted of a mean age 69 +/- 12 years and 50% male. 56% had MDS and 44% AML. Patients with BMI ≥ 30 accounted for 38.3% of the sample. 44 (47%) patients had baseline echocardiogram assessments prior to initiation of HMA with EF of 61+/- 8%; 57 (61%) had a documented prescription of beta-blocker, ACE-I, or ARB at time of HMA initiation. In the 94 patients, 16 new cardiac events occurred. Median survival after therapy initiation was 14.8 months. In a competing risks univariate analysis, lower prior EF (after adjusting for no EF performed) and absence of pre-chemotherapy beta-blocker, ACE-I, or ARB were significantly associated with having a new cardiac event post chemotherapy start (hazard ratio per 5-unit decrease = 1.62 (1.33-1.99), p<0.01 and HR=2.89 (1.08-7.77), p=0.03, respectively). Baseline BMI did not affect risk of a new CV event on HMA therapy (HR per 5 units=1.08 (0.78-1.50), p=0.63). Total HMA dose did not show significance as a predictor for CV events (HR=0.99 (0.987-1.009), p=0.72). Conclusions: We observed a CV event incidence of 19% at 3 years after the start of HMAs. Among patients receiving HMA chemotherapy, those with a lower baseline EF and those not on beta-blocker, ACE-I or ARB therapy prior to initiation of HMA had a higher incidence of cardiotoxicity. Neither pre-HMA BMI nor total HMA dose received appeared to predict risk for CV events. Further research is warranted evaluating the association between HMAs and cardiotoxicity.

Months post HMA initiation6122436
Event Rates7.5%8.6%16.1%19.1%
Total Event Count681416
Heart Failure2445
Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter3334
EF≤40%/New Cardiomyopathy1144
Myocardial Infarction22
Pericarditis11

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2023 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Publication Only

Session Title

Publication Only: Hematologic Malignancies—Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, and Allotransplant

Track

Hematologic Malignancies

Sub Track

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Citation

J Clin Oncol 41, 2023 (suppl 16; abstr e19074)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.e19074

Abstract #

e19074

Abstract Disclosures

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