University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Naveen Premnath , Adeel Khan , Mohak Pandey , Urvashi Pandey , Fieke W Hoff , Stephen Chung , Praveen Ramakrishnan Geethakumari , Robert Collins , Elizabeth Paulk , John W. Sweetenham , Yazan F Madanat
Background: Previous smaller studies suggest that despite younger age at presentation, Hispanic patients (HP) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have worse prognosis than non-Hispanics patients (NHP). Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2004 to 2017 for adults aged ≥18 years for a diagnosis of AML using the ICD-O-3 diagnosis code. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 144,146 patients with AML were identified during the study period of which 9173 were Hispanic (6.4%). The median age at diagnosis was 66 years overall. Hispanics were younger at presentation with median age 55 compared to 67 in non-Hispanics (p< 0.001). A higher proportion of HP were uninsured and in the lowest income quartile compared to NHP across all AML subtypes. HP had statistically significant longer survival across AML subtypes except for tAML. When adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Deyo Comorbidity Index, insurance, chemotherapy, transplant, and income status using a multivariate Cox regression analysis, HP had non-inferior survival to NHP. Conclusions: We present the largest study to date in Hispanics with AML. Hispanics presented at younger ages and had worse socioeconomic factors compared to NHP and when adjusted for multiple variables, did not have worse outcomes as reported in prior data. We believe previous studies in HP demonstrating worse prognosis may reflect bias and confounding given smaller patient numbers and are suggestive of disparities in access to health care and present opportunities for improvement.
APML (n = 11657) | AEL (n = 2583) | AML with MDS changes (n = 10739) | tAML (n = 4789) | Myeloid Sarcoma (n = 1351) | AML-NOS (n = 113027) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | p | HR | p | HR | p | HR | p | HR | p | HR | p | |
Age | ||||||||||||
< 21 (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
21-40 | 1.16 | 0.37 | 8.19 | 0.04 | 1.23 | 0.49 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.71 | 0.25 | 1.11 | 0.03 |
41-60 | 1.71 | < 0.001 | 13.56 | 0.01 | 1.9 | 0.03 | 1.41 | 0.11 | 1.1 | 0.72 | 1.69 | < 0.001 |
61-70 | 2.97 | < 0.001 | 17.66 | 0.004 | 2.59 | 0.001 | 1.87 | 0.004 | 1.73 | 0.06 | 2.69 | < 0.001 |
71-80 | 4.4 | < 0.001 | 23.82 | 0.001 | 3.40 | < 0.001 | 2.2 | < 0.001 | 1.99 | 0.01 | 3.94 | < 0.001 |
> 80 | 5.4 | < 0.001 | 26.69 | 0.001 | 3.87 | < 0.001 | 2.59 | < 0.001 | 2.44 | 0.002 | 5.01 | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male (Reference) | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | ||||||
Female | 0.88 | < 0.001 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0.96 | < 0.001 | ||||
Charlson Deyo Score | ||||||||||||
0 (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
1 | 1.60 | < 0.001 | 1.35 | < 0.001 | 1.32 | < 0.001 | 1.39 | < 0.001 | 1.14 | 0.14 | 1.3 | < 0.001 |
2 | 1.94 | < 0.001 | 1.53 | < 0.001 | 1.51 | < 0.001 | 1.51 | < 0.001 | 1.11 | 0.46 | 1.5 | < 0.001 |
3 | 2.41 | < 0.001 | 1.72 | < 0.001 | 1.81 | < 0.001 | 1.64 | < 0.001 | 1.65 | 0.007 | 1.69 | < 0.001 |
Transplant | ||||||||||||
Yes | NA | 0.94 | 0.56 | 0.97 | 0.66 | 0.90 | 0.09 | NA | 1.22 | < 0.001 | ||
No (Reference) | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | ||||||
Income status lowest quartile | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.16 | < 0.001 | NA | 1.09 | 0.001 | 1.18 | < 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.56 | 1.13 | < 0.001 | |
No (Reference) | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Chemotherapy received | ||||||||||||
Yes | 0.20 | < 0.001 | 0.46 | < 0.001 | 0.46 | < 0.001 | 0.93 | 0.07 | 0.7 | < 0.001 | 0.42 | < 0.001 |
No (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
Hispanic | 0.89 | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.41 | 1.01 | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.40 | 0.81 | 0.13 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic (Reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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