Antitumor activity of AX-0085, a novel AXL kinase inhibitor: Analysis of apoptotic cell death in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Authors

null

Myeong Jun Choi

Axceso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Yongin, South Korea

Myeong Jun Choi , SangHyeon Woo , DongHa Kim , Keshav Karapurkar Janardhan , SungIl Yoon , Young Jun Park , Jaesang Kim , Jun Young Jang , Byung Woo Han , Ramakrishna Suresh , Kye-Seong Kim

Organizations

Axceso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Yongin, South Korea, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Research Funding

No funding received
None.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is insensitive to targeted therapies due to the negative expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. TNBC cells express higher levels of AXL more often than other breast cancer subtypes. The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL plays a role in survival, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, resistance, and immune suppression in cancer cells including in TNBC. Thus, AXL is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC, and we developed a new small-molecule AXL inhibitor, AX-0085. Methods: The interaction mechanism between AX-0085 and AXL was studied by molecular dynamic simulations, cell-based kinase assay, and western blotting in TNBC cells. We investigated the anti-tumor activity of AX-0085 on the AXL-dependent pro-tumorigenic properties such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT, and immune suppression (PD-L1 expression) in TNBC cell lines and investigated in vivo efficacy of AX-0085 with the 4T1 xenograft model. Results: In the molecular dynamic simulations, estimated binding energy of AX-0085 and cabozantinib to AXL was -10.1Kcal/mol and -8.1Kcal/mol, respectively. AX-0085 was made a hydrogen bond with catalytically important residue Lys567 and blocked the activation of AXL by inhibiting the salt bridge with Lys567-Glu585. AX-0085 (IC50: 4.4nM for AXL kinase in cell-based kinase assay) was one of the most potent AXL inhibitors. AX-0085 showed a high antitumor activity against all TNBC subtypes and was a more potent anti-proliferative activity than other kinase inhibitors in MDA-MB-231 cell line. AX-0085 effectively blocked the activation of AXL in TNBC and further inhibited AXL-dependent pro-tumorigenic events such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, EMT, and PD-L1 expression in TNBC cell. AX-0085 induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and suppressed the expression of CDK2 and Cyclin E in TNBC. AX-0085 promoted apoptotic cell death by up-regulating cleaved caspase-9 and down-regulating Bcl-2 in TNBC. Pharmacological investigation showed that the AX-0085 treated tumors displayed a dose-dependent reduction in volume and weight of the tumors in the 4T1 mouse xenograft. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that AX-0085 selectively blocks AXL activation which confers an effective therapeutic value in the treatment of TNBC. Currently, AX-0085 is undergoing non-clinical trials.

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2023 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Publication Only

Session Title

Publication Only: Developmental Therapeutics—Molecularly Targeted Agents and Tumor Biology

Track

Developmental Therapeutics—Molecularly Targeted Agents and Tumor Biology

Sub Track

Small Molecules

Citation

J Clin Oncol 41, 2023 (suppl 16; abstr e15120)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2023.41.16_suppl.e15120

Abstract #

e15120

Abstract Disclosures

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