A retrospective study of circulating tumor DNA for minimal residual disease detection in the management of colorectal cancer.

Authors

null

Michael H. Storandt

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;

Michael H. Storandt , Oluwadunni Eunice Emiloju , Tyler J. Zemla , Robert R. McWilliams , Frank A. Sinicrope , Jessica L. Mitchell , Qian Shi , Zhaohui Jin

Organizations

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;

Research Funding

No funding received
None.

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) consists of small fragments of DNA released into the plasma from cancer cells. Tumor informed ctDNA testing by whole exome sequencing of the primary tumor coupled with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based next generation sequencing of cell free DNA in serum, can detect and quantify ctDNA, allowing for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 120 patients with colorectal cancer who had at least one tumor-informed ctDNA MRD assay completed between May 6, 2019, and July 1, 2022, at Mayo Clinic, Rochester. Disease recurrence was defined as radiographic evidence consistent with recurrence with or without biopsy confirmation. Data are presented descriptively, including number of ctDNA assays completed, ctDNA positivity prior to disease recurrence, and ctDNA concordance with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The study protocol was exempt after review by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board. Results: One-hundred twenty patients were included in the study with median age at initial disease diagnosis of 67.0 years. Sixty-four percent were male and 94% were white. At time of initial diagnosis, 10 had stage I, 23 stage II, 60 stage III, and 25 stage IV disease. In 120 patients, 476 ctDNA assays were performed, and 110 recurrences were observed among 62 patients. There were 39 instances in which ctDNA was obtained prior to clinical detection of recurrence and of these, at least one ctDNA assay was positive in 28 cases (72%). CEA was obtained prior to recurrence in 88 instances and was elevated in only 39 cases (44%). Among 37 instances where both ctDNA and CEA testing were obtained prior to recurrence, ctDNA was positive in 27 cases (73%) while CEA was positive in 14 cases (38%). ctDNA was positive in 83% of recurrences involving liver and 62.5% of recurrences involving only the lungs. ctDNA and CEA positivity are shown by location of recurrence. ctDNA and CEA were discordant in 44% of instances in which the assays were completed within 2-weeks of each other. Results of a ctDNA assay impacted management decisions in 16% of cases. Conclusions: ctDNA detected 72% of recurrences with higher rates of detection in liver versus lung metastasis. ctDNA performed superiorly to serum CEA in detection of recurrence, suggesting a role in disease surveillance. However, ctDNA impacted disease management in only 16% of patients, suggesting need for better patient selection and further study for ctDNA-based disease management strategy (more details will be reported).

ctDNACEA
Positive AssaysPositive Assays
Location of Recurrence# of
Recurrences
012+# of
Recurrences
012+
Any Recurrence3911141488492217
Lung Only8305141022
Liver Only9162291487
Liver + Other Sites31115302
Anastomosis Only00003210
Lymph Node(s) +/- Other Sites712414743
Other12552231373

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2023 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Poster Session C: Cancers of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus

Track

Colorectal Cancer,Anal Cancer

Sub Track

Tumor Biology, Biomarkers, and Pathology

Citation

J Clin Oncol 41, 2023 (suppl 4; abstr 227)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2023.41.4_suppl.227

Abstract #

227

Poster Bd #

M9

Abstract Disclosures