Background: HCC recurs in 70-80% of cases following potentially curative liver resection (LR) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and the immune component of the liver microenvironment plays a key role in early recurrence. The aim of our study was to retrospectively evaluate, under real life conditions, the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced HCC (BCLC-C stage), either initially presented in the advanced stage or migrating from BCLC-A to BCLC-C stage within 2 years after curative LR or RFA, treated either with atezolizumab-bevacizumab (ATZ/BEV) combination or with TKIs sequentially (sorafenib as first line and cabozantinib as second line treatment). Methods: Sixty cirrhotic patients with advanced HCC (53 males, mean age 67y, 35% with diabetes, CPT-A=68.3%/CPT-B=28.3%, mean MELD/Na=11, ALBI grade I=28.3%/ALBI grade II=61.7%, 45% with varices) who either initially presented on the BCLC-C stage and were treated with ATZ/BEV (group A, N=19) or TKIs (group B, N=15) or who migrated from BCLC-A to BCLC-C stage within 2 years after LR or RFA and were treated with ATZ/BEV (group C, N=12) or TKIs (group D, N=14) were evaluated. Results: The four groups were comparable for all the baseline parameters evaluated (age p=0.9, gender p=0.1, platelets p=0.4, chronic liver disease etiology p=0.6, coexistence of diabetes p=0.3, presence of varices p=0.1, CPT stage p=0.1, ALBI grade p=0.3). Median OS was significantly higher for group C patients (mean survival 33.7m, median OS was not reached at the time of evaluation) compared to group D (mOS=27m), group A (mOS=13m) and group B (mOS=8m) patients, as presented in figure 1. It is important to note that the survival after HCC recurrence for group C patients (mean survival=18.2m, median OS was not reached at the time of evaluation) was significantly higher compared to those of group D patients (mOS=9m). Conclusions: Median survival of TKI-treated patients after HCC recurrence is less than 12m and is comparable to survivals observed in patients who initially classified in BCLC-C stage, irrespective of treatment schedule. ATZ/BEV combination therapy significantly prolongs survival in patients after early HCC recurrence, a finding that strongly supports the rationale for adjuvant ATZ/BEV therapy in high risk of recurrence patients.