Plasma cell-free DNA integrative analysis for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Authors

null

Peiyao Nie

Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China

Peiyao Nie , Fang Lv , Shuying He , Tiancheng Han , Shunli Yang , Li Suxing , Dan Liu , Ying Yang , Yulong LI , Yu S. Huang , Yuanyuan Hong , Weizhi Chen , Jianing Yu , Hai Dong Tan

Organizations

Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China, Genecast Precision Medicine Technology Institute, Beijing, China, Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuxi, China, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China

Research Funding

No funding received

Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation, fragmentation patterns, chromosome instability, and chromatin accessiblity have been previously shown to be valid plasma biomarkers for non-invasive cancer detection. However, conventional whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is unable to simultaneously profile all these biomarkers due to bisulfite-induced DNA damages. Here we developed a machine learning approach to comprehensively integrate multiple types of cancer genomic markers from enzyme-conversion-based low-pass whole-methylome sequencing (WMS) of plasma cfDNA to non-invasively detect hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Plasma cfDNA sampels from 127 cancer patients and 568 healthy individuals were collected and were split into the discovery and independent testing cohort. The discovery cohort includes 90 cancer patients and 398 healthy individuals and the independent testing cohort includes 37 cancer patients and 170 healthy individuals. Whole methylome sequencing (WMS) libraries were generated from enzymatically converted cfDNA and were subsequently paired-end sequenced at ̃2X coverage. The genome-wide methylation density, fragmentation fingerprints, chromosome instability, and chromatin accessibility were extracted from the WMS data and individually modelled via machine learning methods such as SVM, LR, GBDT, random forest. The final predictive model is an ensemble model integrating all uni-modal models. All models were trained and fitted on the discovery cohort. Results: Data of different modalities provide complementary information in separating the cancer patients from the healthy individuals. Unsupervised clustering of the individuals showed clear separation between cancer patients and healthy individuals. The final predictive model achieved AUC =0.979 in the discovery cohort and AUC =0.98 in the independent testing cohort. Under a specificity of 96.23%(CI: 86% - 87%), sensitivity was 86% (CI: 85% - 88%) in the independent testing cohort. Separating the cancer patients into different stages, we found that the detection power is usuaul lower for early-stage cancer patients. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the first proof of principle on the feasibility of integrating multiple genomic cancer markers to non-invasively detect hepatocellular carcinoma from WMS plasma cell-free DNA. A large prospective cohort study is planned to further validate its clinical performance.

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2022 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Publication Only

Session Title

Gastrointestinal Cancer—Gastroesophageal, Pancreatic, and Hepatobiliary

Track

Gastrointestinal Cancer—Gastroesophageal, Pancreatic, and Hepatobiliary

Sub Track

Hepatobiliary Cancer

Citation

J Clin Oncol 40, 2022 (suppl 16; abstr e16173)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.e16173

Abstract #

e16173

Abstract Disclosures

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