University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
Dimpy P Shah , Pankil Shah , Jeremy Lyle Warner , Gerald Batist , Christopher Ryan Friese , Elizabeth A. Griffiths , Clara Hwang , Kendra Vieira , Rana R. McKay , Ruben A. Mesa , Matthew Puc , Elizabeth M Robilotti , Erika Ruiz-Garcia , Andrew Jay Portuguese , Andrew Lachlan Schmidt , Lisa B. Weissmann , Trisha Michel Wise-Draper , Jill Barnholtz-Sloan , Solange Peters , Petros Grivas
Background: Despite mitigation and treatment strategies, COVID-19 continues to negatively impact patients (pts) with cancer. Identifying factors that remain consistently associated with morbidity and mortality is critical for risk identification and care delivery. Methods: Using CCC19 registry data through 12/31/2021 we report clinical outcomes (30-day case fatality rate [CFR], mechanical ventilation use (MV), intensive care unit admission (ICU), and hospitalization) in adult pts with cancer and laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2, stratified by patient, cancer, and treatment-related factors. Results: In this cohort of 11,417 pts (with 4% reported vaccination prior to COVID-19), 55% required hospitalization, 15% ICU, 9% MV, and 12% died. Overall outcome rates remained similar for 2020 and 2021 (Table). Hydroxychloroquine was utilized in 11% and other anti-COVID-19 drugs (remdesivir, tocilizumab, convalescent plasma, and/or steroids) in 30%. Higher CFRs were observed in older age, males, Black race, smoking (14%), comorbidities (pulmonary [17%], diabetes mellitus [16%], cardiovascular [19%], renal [21%]), ECOG performance status 2+ (31%), co-infection (25%), especially fungal (35%), and initial presentation with severe COVID-19 (48%). Pts with hematologic malignancy, active/progressing cancer status, or receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy within 1-3 months prior to COVID-19 also had worse CFRs. CFRs were similar across anti-cancer modalities. Other outcomes (ICU, MV, hospitalization) followed similar distributions by pt characteristics. Conclusions: Unfavorable outcome rates continue to remain high over 2 years, despite fewer case reports in 2021 owing to multiple factors (e.g., pandemic dynamics, respondent fatigue, overwhelmed healthcare systems). Pts with specific socio-demographics, performance status, comorbidities, type and status of cancer, immunosuppressive therapies, and COVID-19 severity at presentation experienced worse COVID-19 severity; and these factors should be further examined through multivariable modeling. Understanding epidemiological features, patient and cancer-related factors, and impact of anti-COVID-19 interventions can help inform risk stratification and interpretation of results from clinical trials.
Hospitalization (55%) | ICU (15%) | MV (9%) | 30-d CFR (12%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (median, IQR) | 69 (58-78) | 69 (59-76) | 68 (59-74) | 73 (64-81) |
Male sex | 3195 (60%) | 990 (19%) | 623 (12%) | 753 (14%) |
Black race | 1273 (64%) | 375 (19%) | 257 (13%) | 288 (14%) |
Solid tumor | 4046 (51%) | 1025 (13%) | 616 (8%) | 853 (11%) |
Hematologic malignancy | 1302 (63%) | 449 (22%) | 282 (14%) | 278 (13%) |
Active and progressing cancer status | 1113 (70%) | 307 (20%) | 183 (12%) | 418 (26%) |
Systemic anti-cancer therapy within 1-3 months prior to COVID-19 diagnosis | 560 (58%) | 157 (16%) | 99 (10%) | 168 (17%) |
Y2020 | 5083 (55%) | 1422 (16%) | 902 (10%) | 1130 (12%) |
Y2021 | 1129 (55%) | 294 (15%) | 139 (7%) | 223 (11%) |
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