Background: Outside of clinical trial eligibility criteria, there is limited data to guide the selection of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are associated, independent of smoking history, with a common background of chronic inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that COPD is a negative prognostic marker for NSCLC, but the clinical benefit of ICI in patients with NSCLC and COPD is unknown. Methods: A population-level administrative data analysis of Ontario patients was performed through the Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Data Analytic Services. All patients with NSCLC diagnosed between Jan 2010 and Dec 2020 and treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab) were included. Demographics, comorbidity and marginalization scores, and COPD status were extracted along with outcome information. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared between patients with or without COPD using Cox proportional hazards regression. The frequency of patients requiring hospitalization and duration of treatment was also estimated and compared using the chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: 73331 NSCLC patients were identified, of which 4.5% (n = 3285) patients received ICI. COPD patients were less likely to receive immunotherapy (3.8% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001). Among those receiving an ICI, 41% (n = 1362) of patients had a diagnosis of COPD prior to NSCLC diagnosis. Median (95% CI) OS was 17.3 (16.6 to 18.2) months for patients with COPD and 16.9 (16.2 to 17.8) for patients with no known COPD, which was not significantly different in univariate (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.04, p = 0.35) or multivariate analysis (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.05, p = 0.40). The 5-year survival was also similar between both groups (6.7% vs. 6.5%). The rate of hospitalization within 6 months (18.4% vs 18.0%, p = 0.82) and the duration of immunotherapy treatment (median = 80 vs 71 days p = 0.23) did not differ for the COPD vs. non-COPD groups. Conclusions: Despite an expectation of frailty, our data suggest that NSCLC patients with COPD receiving ICI maintained similar durations of treatment and similar rates of hospitalization, with no significant difference in survival time, compared with those without COPD. While a treatment selection bias cannot be excluded in this non-randomized dataset, our data suggest that a diagnosis of COPD itself should not be considered a contraindication to immune checkpoint inhibitor use in NSCLC.