Sequential intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel for BCG-naïve high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Authors

Ian McElree

Ian Mitchell McElree

The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA

Ian Mitchell McElree , Ryan L. Steinberg , Sarah L. Mott , Alexander C. Martin , Jordan Richards , Paul T. Gellhaus , Kenneth G. Nepple , Michael A. O'Donnell , Vignesh T. Packiam

Organizations

The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, University of Iowa, Department of Urology, Iowa City, IA, University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA

Research Funding

Other

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently recommended as adjuvant therapy following complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, continued BCG production shortages have precluded the use of BCG in many urologic practices. Efficacy of sequential intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel (Gem/Doce) in the BCG failure setting has been reproduced across multiple institutions. In response to the continuing BCG shortage, Gem/Doce has been utilized at our institution in the BCG-naïve setting. We report the outcomes of a large cohort of patients with high-risk BCG-naïve NMIBC treated with Gem/Doce. Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients with BCG-naïve high-risk NMIBC who were treated with Gem/Doce from May 2013 through April 2021. We included patients with intent to receive 6 weekly intravesical instillations of sequential 1 gram gemcitabine and 37.5mg docetaxel after complete TURBT. Monthly maintenance of 2 years was initiated if disease free at first follow-up. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival (RFS) and efficacy was evaluated in an intention-to-treat manner. Recurrence was defined as pathologically confirmed tumor relapse in the bladder or prostatic urethra. Progression was defined as T-stage increase from Ta or CIS to T1 or development of muscle invasive or metastatic disease. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test, indexed from the first Gem/Doce instillation. Results: One hundred seven patients with median follow-up of 15 months were included in the analysis. There were 47 with any CIS, 55 with T1 disease, and 7 with micropapillary variant histology. Four patients did not complete a full induction cycle due to hematuria (3) and severe frequency/nocturia (1). 19 patients sustained a recurrence at any point during follow-up. RFS was 89%, 85%, and 82% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. No difference in RFS was seen in patients with or without CIS (p = 0.42). No patients met criteria for either form of disease progression. One patient underwent cystectomy due to end-stage lower urinary tract symptoms, with final pathology pTisN0. No patients died of bladder cancer. Overall survival was 84% at 24 months. 46 patients reported any symptoms during treatment. Common side effects included urinary frequency/urgency (36%), hematuria (11%), and dysuria (8%). Conclusions: In a large cohort of high-risk, BCG-naïve NMIBC patients, Gem/Doce showed excellent efficacy (84% 2-year HG-RFS). These rates are similar to modern treatment naïve cohorts receiving BCG. Prospective comparative analysis of Gem/Doce in BCG-naïve populations is warranted.

Variable
6 Months
12 Months
24 Months
Recurrence-Free Survival
89%
85%
82%
High-Grade Recurrence-Free Survival
91%
87%
84%
Overall Survival
98%
98%
84%

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2022 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Poster Session B: Urothelial Carcinoma

Track

Urothelial Carcinoma

Sub Track

Therapeutics

Citation

J Clin Oncol 40, 2022 (suppl 6; abstr 497)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2022.40.6_suppl.497

Abstract #

497

Poster Bd #

F3

Abstract Disclosures