Florida State University College of Medicine, Sarasota, FL
Jamie Glasser , Cassandra Schuster , Jamie Huston , Ravi Shridhar , Kenneth Lee Meredith
Background: Gastric cancer(GC) is associated with significant mortality worldwide. Radical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy is considered the only curative option for GC. Laparoscopic(LG) and more recently robotic(RG) techniques have been developed as a way to potentially decrease the peri-operative morbidity associated with gastrectomy. We sought to compare oncologic outcomes with minimally invasive and open techniques for gastrectomy. Methods: Utilizing the National Cancer Database we identified patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy. We then stratified technique, RG, LG, or OG. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal were used to compare continuous variables and Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Unadjusted survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed to identify predictors of survival. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: We identified 2,530 patients RG, 10,790 in the LG and 25,810 in the OG group with median ages of 66, 66 and 67 years respectively, p < 0.001. There were higher numbers of poorly differentiated tumors in the OG 60% compared to RG (49.7% and LG 49.1%, p < 0.001. Additionally, there were increased numbers of signet ring GC in the OG 16.7%, compared to 13.8% in the RG and 13.8% in the LG, p < 0.001. There were higher numbers of early stage GC’s in the RG and LG compared to more advanced stages (stage II and III in the OG), p < 0.001. RG and LG did demonstrate higher numbers of R0 resections 92.8% and 89.9% compared to OG at 85.2%, p < 0.001. Length of stay was shorter in the RG and LG at 7 (4-10) days compared to 8 days (6-12) in the OG cohort, p < 0.001. Thirty and 90-day mortality rates were higher in the OG (4.3% and 8.3%) compared to 2.1% and 4% in the RG and 2.7% and 5.4% in the LG patients. Median and 5-year survival was higher in the RG (84.7mo and 61%) and LG (90.3mo and 58%) compared to the OG at 48.3mo and 46%, p = 0.001. When adjusted by stage this survival benefit persisted across all stage cohorts (stage 0-1, p = 0.001, stage 2, p = 0.001, and stage 3, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, sex, Charlson/Deyo score, tumor location, histology, grade, stage, facility volume, and neoadjuvant therapy were all predictors of survival. Conclusions: Robotic and laparoscopic approaches to gastrectomy demonstrate improved median and overall survival compared to conventional open approaches. This benefit was demonstrated across all stages.
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