Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is particularly prevalent in China because of the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection. In the last decade, sorafenib was the first molecular target drug approved for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Until recently, the combination of angiogenic inhibitor with anti-PD-1 /L1 monoclonal antibody has represented significant efficacy over sorafenib monotherapy in the first-line regimen of unresectable HCC. Nevertheless, there are still unmet needs in clinical practice due to limited choice of drugs. Anlotinib is a novel oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGF receptors 1/2/3, FGF receptors 1-4, PDGF receptors α and β, and c-kit, and has been approved for standard treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer and soft tissue sarcoma in China. Toripalimab, a humanized IgG4 mAb against PD-1, is the first Chinese-produced PD-1 inhibitor marketed, which has been approved as a second-line treatment for metastasis melanoma. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus toripalimab as the first-line treatment for unresectable HCC. Methods: This was a single-arm, multicenter, phase II trial. 30 patients with unresectable HCC, Child-Pugh ≤7 and ECOG PS <2 will be enrolled if they had not been treated with prior treatment. Pts received anlotinib (12 mg, p.o., qd, d1-14, q3w) and toripalimab (240 mg, iv, d1, q3w) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by investigator according to mRECIST and irRECIST. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR) and safety. Results: By the cutoff date of September 21, 2020, 11 pts were enrolled and of those 8 pts were evaluable. 9 pts (81.8%) experienced treatment related adverse events (TRAEs) and grade 3 TRAEs occurred in 5 pts (45.5%). No grade 4 or above TRAEs occurred. The most common TRAEs were decreased appetite (n =6, 54.5%) and fatigue (n =5, 45.5%).Among 8 evaluable pts, unconfirmed ORR was 25% (95% CI 0.032-0.651) with 1 unconfirmed CR and 1 unconfirmed PR, and DCR was 87.5% (95% CI 0.473-0.997) according to mRECIST. Conclusions: Anlotinib in combination with toripalimab showed tolerant toxicity and preliminary anti-tumor efficacy in first-line regimen for uHCC patients. Furthermore, it is needed to be proved in update results and large scale studies. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR1900028295.