Lebanon VAMC, Lebanon, PA
Suhail M. Ali , Albert Reising , Kim Leitzel , Joseph J. Drabick , Cristina I. Truica , Monali K. Vasekar , Harry Menon , Vinod Nagabhairu , Hyma Vani Polimera , Neha Pancholy , Prashanth Reddy Moku , Ashok Maddukuri , Herbert Schmid , Wei He , John Millholland , Meredith Lavin , Scott J. Hofsess , Robert William Sweetman , Gabriel N. Hortobagyi , Allan Lipton
Background: Everolimus (EVE) plus exemestane (EXE) doubled PFS while maintaining quality of life versus EXE alone in postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) (BOLERO-2 phase 3; NCT00863655). Here we investigated several serum biomarkers of inflammation: ferritin, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). Both higher IL-8 (ASCO 2018, #3025) and TNF (Nature 569:428-32, 2019) have been reported to be associated with worsened outcome to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and IL-8- and TNF-targeted therapies combined with ICIs are in phase I trials. We evaluated the prognostic/predictive ability of serum ferritin, IL-8, and TNFR1 to everolimus in BOLERO-2. Methods: Serum biomarkers were determined on pretreatment serum samples using the ELLA immunoassay platform (ProteinSimple, San Jose, CA). Cox-proportional hazards model was used to assess the efficacy of EVE, and the prognostic and predictive effect on PFS and OS. Results: Pretreatment serum biomarker levels were determined in 510 patients (70 %) of 725 BOLERO-2 patients randomized 2:1 to EVE+EXE or EXE). Serum levels (25%, 50%, 75%) were: ferritin (68.9, 125.5, 253.1 ng/ml); IL-8 (14.5, 19.4, 27.7 pg/ml); and TNFR1 (1205, 1470, 1868 pg/ml). Ferritin correlated significantly with TNFR1 (r=0.45, p<0.0001), while IL-8 correlated weakly with TNFR1 (r=0.10, p=0.023). Higher levels of all 3 biomarkers were prognostic for significantly shorter PFS and OS (table). But no biomarkers were predictive: everolimus was efficacious regardless of the 3 biomarker levels (p>0.05). Conclusions: High levels of serum ferritin, IL-8, and TNFR1 were significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS in HR+/HER2- MBC patients. Everolimus had superior outcomes compared to placebo, regardless of serum biomarker level. These 3 significant prognostic biomarkers are all associated with increased inflammatory processes through different pathways. Anti-inflammatory therapy targeted against these biomarkers should be evaluated based on serum level as potential combination therapy with everolimus or CDK 4/6 inhibitors in HR+ MBC.
Biomarker | Level | # patients | Median PFS (mo) | HR (PFS) | 95% CI (PFS) | Median OS (mo) | HR (OS) | 95% CI (OS) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-8 | ||||||||
low | 128 | 6.8 | 39.2 | |||||
middle | 256 | 6.8 | 1.11 | 0.87 - 1.42 | 30.7 | 1.34 | 1.00 - 1.80 | |
high | 127 | 2.9 | 1.84 | 1.39 - 1.84 | 17.5 | 2.47 | 1.80 - 3.40 | |
TNFR1 | ||||||||
low | 128 | 6.8 | 36.5 | |||||
middle | 255 | 6.8 | 1.15 | 0.90 - 1.47 | 33.6 | 1.25 | 0.93 - 1.69 | |
high | 127 | 4 | 1.85 | 1.40 - 2.44 | 17.5 | 2.72 | 1.98 - 3.73 |
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Abstract Disclosures
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