Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, University of Melbourne, Parkville and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Constantine Si Lun Tam , Stephen Opat , Paula Marlton , David Gottlieb , David Simpson , Gavin Cull , David Ritchie , Emma Verner , Javier Munoz , Alessandra Tedeschi , Jane Huang , William Novotny , Ziwen Tan , Eric Holmgren , Siminder K. Atwal , John Francis Seymour , Andrew Warwick Roberts , Judith Trotman
Background: Inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) have established therapeutic activity in patients with WM. Zanubrutinib, a potent and selective BTK inhibitor was evaluated in a phase 1/2 study in treatment-naïve (TN) and relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with WM. Methods: Patients had TN or R/R WM and required treatment as per International Workshop on WM (IWWM) criteria. Treatment consisted of oral zanubrutinib at 160 mg twice daily (n = 50) or 320 mg once daily (n = 23) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Efficacy endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving a complete response (CR) or very good partial response (VGPR) in accordance with IWWM-6 criteria. Efficacy analyses were conducted on the 73 patients evaluable (24 TN, 49 R/R). Results: Between September 2014 and August 2018, 77 patients with WM (24 TN and 53 R/R) began treatment with zanubrutinib (55% aged > 65 years; 21% aged > 75 years). At a median follow up of 32.7 months, 73% remain on treatment. Reasons for treatment discontinuation included adverse events (AE) in 13% (only one related), disease progression (10.4%), and other (3.9%). Results are presented for TN and R/R combined. The overall response rate was 96% and VGPR/CR rate was 45%. The rates of VGPR/CR increased over time; 22% at 6 mos, 33% at 12 months and 45% at 24 months. Three-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 81%, and overall survival (OS) was 85%. The most commonly reported AEs were upper respiratory tract infection (52%), contusion (33%, all grade 1) and cough (22%). AEs of interest include neutropenia (18.2%), major hemorrhage (4%), atrial fibrillation/flutter (5%), and grade 3 diarrhea (3%). Conclusions: Long-term follow up with continued zanubrutinib treatment demonstrated deep and durable responses in the majority of WM patients. The rates of VGPR/CR increased with prolonged therapy. Disease progression was uncommon. The safety profile of long-term zanubrutinib therapy in these patients was tolerable. Clinical trial information: NCT02343120.
Assessment | TN WM (n = 24), % | R/R WM (n = 53), % | Total (n = 77), % |
---|---|---|---|
VGPR/CR rate | 33.3 | 51.0 | 45.2 |
36-mo PFS | 91.5 | 76.2 | 80.5 |
36-mo OS | 100.0 | 80.2 | 84.8 |
AEs leading to discontinuation | 12.5 | 13.2 | 13.0 |
≥Grade 3 AEs | 45.8 | 64.2 | 58.4 |
Grade 5 AEs | 0 | 9.4 | 6.5 |
Atrial fibrillation/ flutter | 4.2 | 5.7 | 5.2 |
Major hemorrhage | 8.3 | 1.9 | 3.9 |
≥Grade 3 infections | 8.3 | 35.9 | 27.3 |
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