Therapeutic vulnerabilities among KRAS G12C mutant (mut) advanced cancers based on co-alteration (co-alt) patterns.

Authors

Maliha Nusrat

Maliha Nusrat

Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY

Maliha Nusrat , Jason Roszik , Vijaykumar Holla , Tiantian Cai , Meiyue Hong , Oluwadara Coker , Benny Johnson , Jordi Rodon Ahnert , Filip Janku , Scott Kopetz , Kenna Rael Shaw , Funda Meric-Bernstam , David S. Hong

Organizations

Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, MD Anderson University, Houston, TX, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX

Research Funding

Other
Cancer Prevention Research Institutive of Texas (CPRIT) Precision Oncology Decision Support Core RP150535

Background: Oncogenic KRAS mut drive cancers and confer therapeutic resistance by activating MAPK signaling. Inhibiting KRAS has been elusive until the recent promising phase I trials with KRAS G12C inhibitors (i). We characterized frequencies of KRAS G12C mut and gene co-alt among advanced cancer patients (pts) to identify therapeutic vulnerabilities for combination development. Methods: We analyzed next generation sequencing datasets from MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC, n = 42,316) and AACR GENIE (n = 56,970). Genes and individual alterations were annotated for potential actionability with approved or investigational drugs and grouped into 12 oncogenic pathways. Frequencies of potential drug combinations with KRAS G12Ci were estimated per tumor type based on co-occurrence of potentially actionable alterations. Results:KRAS G12C was present in 850/34,801 (2.4%) advanced solid tumor and 22/7698 (0.3%) hematologic malignancy pts in MDACC dataset; and 1422 (2.5%) pts in AACR GENIE. Among solid tumor pts, 798 had histology data and 640 had ≥46 gene profiling. Most common cancers were non-small cell lung (NSCLC, 67%), colorectal (CRC, 24%), other gastrointestinal (oGI, 4%) and gynecologic (gyn, 2%). KRAS G12C prevalence was 19.5% (441/2265) in NSCLC and 4.2% (146/3469) in CRC. Genes most commonly co-altered were TP53 (42%), STK11 (17%) and MET (11%) in NSCLC; TP53 (58%), APC (54%) and PIK3CA (24%) in CRC; TP53 (42%), APC (21%) and ATM (21%) in oGI; TP53 (56%), PIK3CA (25%), and PTEN (19%) in gyn cancers. These co-alt did not impact overall survival. In both datasets, as compared to KRAS wild, KRAS G12C was significantly co-altered with STK11 in NSCLC; PIK3CA and SMAD4 in CRC (P < 0.05 for all). EGFR mut in NSCLC and BRAF mut in CRC rarely co-occurred with KRAS G12C (P < 0.01). Most frequently co-altered oncogenic pathways in NSCLC, CRC, oGI and gyn cancers respectively included PI3K (27, 32, 33, 44 %), receptor tyrosine kinases (13, 16, 42, 13 %) and DNA damage repair (12, 10, 38, 19 %). Potentially actionable co-alt frequencies suggest that combining KRAS G12Ci with mTORi or PI3Ki would be indicated most frequently, in 24% and 13% of all pts respectively. Conclusions: KRAS G12Ci development is most relevant for NSCLC, gastrointestinal and gyn cancers. The co-alt patterns highlight relevant oncogenic pathways and candidate drugs for future combination therapies. Co-inhibition of PI3K-mTOR and MAPK pathways has shown synergism in prior pre-clinical studies but had poor tolerance in pts. There is opportunity to revisit this approach with the new KRAS G12Ci.

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2020 ASCO Virtual Scientific Program

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Developmental Therapeutics—Molecularly Targeted Agents and Tumor Biology

Track

Developmental Therapeutics—Molecularly Targeted Agents and Tumor Biology

Sub Track

Tissue-Based Biomarkers

Citation

J Clin Oncol 38: 2020 (suppl; abstr 3625)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.3625

Abstract #

3625

Poster Bd #

355

Abstract Disclosures

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