Stability of rare TP53 co-mutations in AML patients.

Authors

Kenneth Bloom

Kenneth Joel Bloom

Clarient Diagnostic Services, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA

Kenneth Joel Bloom , Adam Idica , Dave Smart , Wendy Allen , Enya Scanlon , Jordan Clark

Organizations

Clarient Diagnostic Services, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, DIACEUTICS, Carlsbad, CA, Diaceutics, Belfast, United Kingdom, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Research Funding

Other
Diaceutics (data analytics and implementation service provider in diagnostic commercialization)

Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a devastating disease with poor overall survival. Access to precision medicines, is revolutionizing AML care and is driving an increase in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) utilization to determine the genomic profile of patients with AML. Advanced analysis into the interplay between mutational status for multiple genes is granting access to new targeted and precision medicine treatment options with improved outcomes. Methods: Rate of NGS adoption and TP53 mutation status were determined for a cohort of 984 AML patients tested by NGS from the Diaceutics Diagnostic Index between 2017 and 2019. Mutation rate of other genes on the same NGS panel used to determine if TP53 status was determined and compared using the z-score test for two population proportions. The stability of TP53 and co-mutation status at time of diagnosis and relapse/refractory was also analyzed. Results: We have seen a 2-fold increase in the average routine clinical practice uptake of NGS in a representative real-world patient cohort (Q3 2017, n = 144; Q3 2019, n = 290). In a cohort of 984 AML patients tested by NGS 151 (15.3%) had a TP53 mutation (Exon 4-9). Of those that had a TP53 mutation, significant negative associations were observed with mutations in seven other genes (ASXL1 p = 0.00308, CEBPA p = 0.0027, FLT3 p < 0.00001, IDH1 p = 0.04338, NRAS p = 0.0012, RUNX1 p = 0.01878 and TET2 p = 0.0251). There were no statistically significant differences in TP53 mutation and other gene mutation rates between diagnosis and relapse/refractory timepoints. Conclusions: This data suggests that TP53 and other gene co-mutants may act in similar activation pathways resulting in rare detection. One possibility is that double mutants result in synthetic lethality leading to a low clonal population. Second, when co-mutated clones escape immune surveillance and regulation, it results in particularly aggressive leukemias with lower overall survival. The stability of TP53 and co-mutation is relatively stable, which has implications for testing algorithms and clinical utility as a marker of MRD. Although a clinical trial may be difficult due to low numbers of patients, a TP53 antagonist and targeted therapy may be a valuable treatment option in rare cases where co-mutation does exist.

TP53 mutation detected
TP53 WT
z-test p-value
Total patientsPercent mutatedTotal patientsPercent mutated
ASXL11649.1%101815.7%0.00308
CEBPA1500.7%9237.0%0.0027
FLT31501.3%94817.5%< 0.00001
IDH11444.2%7989.3%0.04338
NRAS1494.0%88413.3%0.0012
RUNX11555.2%96511.4%0.01878
TET21617.5%99613.9%0.0251

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2020 ASCO Virtual Scientific Program

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Hematologic Malignancies—Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, and Allotransplant

Track

Hematologic Malignancies

Sub Track

Acute Leukemia

Citation

J Clin Oncol 38: 2020 (suppl; abstr 7528)

DOI

10.1200/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.7528

Abstract #

7528

Poster Bd #

301

Abstract Disclosures