The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Suleyman Yasin Goksu , Muhammad Shaalan Beg , Nina Niu Sanford , Benjamin David Fangman , Sarah Herrman , Busra Bacik Goksu , Aravind Sanjeevaiah , Amy Little Jones , Radhika Kainthla , Syed Mohammad Ali Kazmi , Udit Verma
Background: There is paucity of data about racial/ethnic disparities in gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors (GiNET). We aimed to study the race/ethnic differences in disease characteristics and survival in GiNET. Methods: We analyzed the SEER database to identify cases with non-pancreatic GiNET between 2004 and 2015. We evaluated trends in incidence and outcomes between Hispanic, non-Hispanic/non-Black (NH/NB) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB). Kaplan-Meier method and cox regression model were performed for overall survival (OS) after adjusting for stage, grade, gender, race/ethnicity, and surgery. Results: 25,826 cases were included, 12.7% were Hispanic, 18.5% NHB and 68.8% NH/NB; males comprised 46.8%, 50.5%, 41.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). The overall incidence of GiNET increased two-folds in the ten years. The highest increase in incidence was observed in appendiceal NET followed by small intestine NET, and this increase was observed mostly among Hispanic population. NH/NB cases were older ( > 65 years) (31.3% vs. 23.3% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001) and presented with metastatic disease (17.8% vs. 12.7%, 12.0%; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis Hispanic population had significantly better OS than NH/NB and NHB (HR: 1.25 95% CI: 1.14-1.37 and HR: 1.15 95% CI: 1.033-1.28, respectively). For stage-4 low- and intermediate-grade GiNET, OS was better if surgery was performed (p < 0.001), and this trend was most pronounced among Hispanic as compared to NH/NB (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-7.71). Conclusions: The incidence of GiNET had increased two-fold in the last ten years with the highest increase in Hispanic. However, Hispanic had significantly better overall survival than NH/NB and NHB population.
Hispanic (%) | Non-Hispanic Non-Black (%) | Non-Hispanic Black (%) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Appendix | 212 (6.5) | 1,316 (7.4) | 141 (3) | < 0.001 |
Esophagus/Stomach | 646 (19.7) | 2,227 (12.5) | 439 (9.2) | |
Small Intestine | 733 (22.4) | 6,376 (35.9) | 1,449 (30.4) | |
Large Intestine | 1,688 (51.5) | 7,858 (44.2) | 2,741 (57.5) | |
2004-2006 | 530 (16.2) | 3,488 (19.6) | 796 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
2007-2009 | 693 (21.1) | 4,042 (22.7) | 1,096 (23) | |
2010-2012 | 856 (26.1) | 4,597 (25.9) | 1,314 (27.5) | |
2013-2015 | 1,200 (36.6) | 5,650 (31.8) | 1,564 (32.8) |
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