Background: Multiple phase 2 trials using objective radiographic response rates (ORR) as end point have shown negative results in MPNST. Alternative endpoints such as progression free survival (PFS) may be more appropriate for identifying active agents. PFS from prior trials can provide a historical baseline for future single arm phase 2 trials in this rare disease. Methods: Outcomes of patients with recurrent or unresectable MPNST enrolled on one of five negative phase 2 trials (SARC001, 002, 009, 016, and 023) conducted by the Sarcoma Alliance for Research through Collaboration (SARC) from Nov 2001 – Mar 2016 were retrospectively analyzed to calculate PFS. PFS from SARC006, the phase 2 trial of upfront chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with unresectable or metastatic MPNST, was analyzed separately. The impact of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) status, tumor location, metastatic involvement, and prior therapy on PFS was evaluated. Results: Sixty-four patients (29 male, median age 39 years (range 15-81)) with MPNST were enrolled on one of five trials of primarily single agent or combined targeted therapy that were determined to be inactive. Primary endpoint was ORR per RECIST, WHO, or Choi criteria. Patients had received a median of 1 (range 0-5) prior systemic therapies and majority had received prior surgery (77%) and radiation (61%), and had metastatic disease (73%) at enrollment. Median PFS was 1.77 months (95% CI 1.61-3.45), and PFS at 4 months was 16%. Greater number of prior systemic therapies was associated with worse PFS (univariate hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.68, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in PFS based on treatment trial, response criteria, NF1 status, presence of metastatic disease, disease site at enrollment, and prior surgery or radiation. PFS at 4 months was 94% in 40 patients enrolled on SARC006 trial, none of whom had received prior systemic or radiation therapy. Conclusions: PFS in patients with recurrent/refractory MPNST enrolled on phase 2 trials is poor and the number of prior regimens may impact PFS. Our data provides a historical baseline PFS that can be used as a comparator in future single arm phase 2 trials in refractory and upfront MPNST patients.