Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Hirokazu Shoji , Satoru Iwasa , Aya Kuchiba , Gakuto Ogawa , Mamiko Kawasaki , Kenichi Nakamura , Mikio Mori , Yoshitaka Honma , Atsuo Takashima , Ken Kato , Narikazu Boku , Natsuko Okita , Yasuhide Yamada
Background: Although regorafenib significantly improved overall survival compared with placebo for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to standard chemotherapies in the global phase III CORRECT trial, regorafenib is often discontinued due to toxicity. Lenvatinib is an inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1–3, FGF receptors 1–4, PDGF receptors α, RET, and KIT, showing receptor inhibition profile and kinetics different from regorafenib. This phase II study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients with mCRC refractory to standard chemotherapies. Methods: mCRC patients with measurable lesions, PS 0-1, and refractory to standard chemotherapies including fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab, cetuximab or panitumumab (if RAS wild-type), and TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil) were eligible. Prior treatment with regorafenib was not allowed. Patients received lenvatinib orally at a dose of 24 mg once daily in 28-day cycles until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (DCR) assessed by independent central review. Secondary endpoints included safety, response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. The planned sample size was 30 patients to expect a DCR of 60% with a threshold DCR of 35%, one-sided alpha of 5% and power of 80%. Results: Between October 2016 to January 2018, 30 patients were enrolled. All had received prior chemotherapy; 14 (47%) and 16 (53%) had received 3 or ≥ 4 prior lines for advanced disease, respectively. The median number of lenvatinib cycles was 4 (range 1-13). Two patients achieved partial response and 19 patients had stable disease, resulting in a response rate of 6.7% and DCR of 70.0% (95% CI: 50.6-85.3%). Median PFS was 3.6 months (95% CI: 2.6-3.7). The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were hypertension (53%), elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (13%), thrombocytopenia (10%), and anorexia (7%) without unexpected safety signals. Conclusions: Lenvatinib showed promising antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity for patients with mCRC refractory to standard chemotherapies. Clinical trial information: UMIN000023446.
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