University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
Sandeep Ramesh Bhave, Jason J. Luke, Jeffrey Lemons, Yuanyuan Zha, Timothy C. Carll, Thomas Krausz, Hua Liang, Linda A. Janisch, Robyn D. Hseu, Nikolai Khodarev, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Sean Pitroda, Steven J. Chmura
Background: Preclinical models support a combinatorial role of high-dose irradiation with immunotherapy. Multi-site stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with pembrolizumab (P) has been demonstrated as safe in advanced solid tumors. Here, we report extended follow-up of treated metastasis control (TMC), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and describe transcriptional changes associated with TMC, PFS and OS. Methods: Patients (pts) with AST received 3-5 SBRT doses (30-50 Gy total dose) to 2-4 metastases based on anatomic location. Pembrolizumab (200 mg IV Q3W) began one week following the final SBRT. Mets >65cc received partial-tumor SBRT. Response was measured by RECIST principles. TMC, PFS, and OS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Pre- and post-SBRT biopsies from 24 pts were assayed via RNA microarray. Results: 68 pts (140 mets) were enrolled. 18 pts (21 mets) received partial tumor SBRT. Median volume of partially irradiated tumors was 121cc vs 7cc of fully irradiated (p=0.001). Median follow-up was 8.4 months (mo; range 1.1-24.2). 1-year TMC was 89.6%. At 12 mo TMC of partial versus full tumor irradiation was not significantly different (p=0.09). On multiple Cox regression, metastasis size, histology, volume of irradiated tumor and PD-L1 status were not predictive of TMC, PFS or OS. However, irradiated metastasis response predicted OS (HR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19-0.71; p = 0.003). Pts with irradiated met PR or CR had 17.8 mo median OS vs 9.1 and 3.4 in pts with mixed response or PD, respectively (p=0.005). Unsupervised transcriptional analysis of tumor biopsies demonstrated that the magnitude of DNA repair and innate/adaptive immune pathways induced in irradiated mets following SBRT was significantly associated with irradiated met response (p=0.009) and OS (p=0.007) to SBRT+P. Conclusions: Partial tumor SBRT+P approximates full tumor SBRT+P despite major differences in tumor volume. Transcriptional changes and clinical response of irradiated mets to SBRT+P are highly predictive of OS. Further research is needed to optimize immuno-radiotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02608385
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