Background: The VA advocates for both palliative care and concurrent care (hospice care and cancer-directed treatment). Studies indicate that these policies have increased hospice use and have improved family-reported outcomes and other quality metrics. However, little is known about how palliative care, hospice care and concurrent care may interact to obtain these outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of veterans dying with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer in 2012. VA and Medicare administrative data were used to identify the cohort, chemotherapy and radiation use, hospitalizations, hospice use and length of stay (LOS). Palliative care use was determined by VA data only. Analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square and analysis of variance. Results: Of the 1763 veterans, 850 (48.2%) received both palliative care and hospice, 392 (22.2%) received hospice only, 241 (13.7%) received palliative care only and 280 (15.9%) received neither. Receipt of cancer-directed treatment or hospitalization in the last 30 days of life was significantly different across these groups (p < 0.0001) and was highest at 65% (182/280) in the neither palliative care or hospice group. In the remaining groups, rates of cancer-directed treatment or hospitalization in the last 30 days were: 39.4% (95/241) in palliative care only, 29.3% (115/392) in hospice only and 23% (198/850) with both palliative care and hospice. Concurrent care was received by 314 veterans (17.8%), 275 also receiving palliative care. Among veterans receiving palliative care and Medicare hospice, concurrent care did not alter hospice utilization rates or LOS: 36.4% (100/275), LOS mean 22.3, median 16.5, range 1-97 and 37.2% (214/575), LOS mean 20.1, median 13, range 1-94, for concurrent care and non-concurrent care respectively. Conclusions: The rates of cancer-directed treatment or hospitalization in the last 30 days of life appeared to be reduced in a continuum from receipt of neither hospice nor palliative care, to receipt of palliative care or hospice alone, followed by receipt of both together. Concurrent care use was facilitated by palliative care without impacting Medicare hospice use or LOS in palliative care recipients.