Background: Female faculty in academic medicine is underrepresented in leadership positions and reportedly has fewer publications, lower h-indices and grant funding. However, there is a lack of evidence examining whether this gender disparity persists after adjusting for scholarly productivity and clinical experience among academic radiation oncologist. Methods: We used the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) to identify faculty members of radiation oncology residency training programs in the US . Faculty rank (assistant, associate and full professor) was obtained by review of program website. Data on physician gender, clinical experience in years, number of publications, h-index, clinical trial investigator, advance degree and ranking of medical school was collected using program websites, Doximity and Scopus databases. Primary outcome of the study was a binary outcome odd of professorship versus assistant plus associate professorship. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate the gender difference in full professorship after adjusting for these factors. Results: A total of 906 radiation oncologists were included in the final analysis. 70.2% (n = 636) were men and 29.8% (n = 270) women. Women had less clinical experience (median of 10 years vs 14 years, p < 0.0004), fewer publications (median of 17 vs 32 publications, p < 0.0001), less h-index (median of 7 vs 12, p < 0.0001), less likely to be clinical trials investigator (41% vs 48%, p = 0.05), less likely holding advance degree (22% vs 28%, p = 0.067) but were more likely to be graduate of top 20 medical schools in research (27% vs 25%, p = 0.66). Women were under represented at higher faculty rank with 43 out of 270 (15.9%) were full professors compared to 194 out of 636 (30.5%) men with the absolute difference of 14.6% (p < 0.001). Moreover, women were found less likely to be full professors compared to men (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.94; p = 0.029) in adjusted logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Among radiation oncology faculty gender disparity exists at higher faculty ranks even after accounting for academically relevant factors influencing the academic progress.