University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Nizar Bhulani , Arjun Gupta , M. Elizabeth Paulk , Kiauna Donnell , Valorie Harvey , Joan Cox , John Vernon Cox , Udit N. Verma , Aravind Sanjeevaiah , Naga Koteswari Cheedella , Leticia Khosama , Yull Edwin Arriaga , Samira K. Syed , Syed Mohammad Ali Kazmi , Muhammad Shaalan Beg
Background: Previous studies have suggested that racial disparities exist for DNR orders in cancer patients. We examined racial differences in DNR orders for pancreatic cancer patients in an urban setting safety net hospital with a high proportion of black patient population. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted of pancreatic cancer patient records seen at the Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas between 1/1999 - 9/2016. Cancer cases and receipt of palliative care were identified from prospectively maintained registries. Demographics, cancer characteristics, DNR order, were abstracted. All statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 24. Results: A total of 455 pancreatic cancer patients were included; mean age was 61 years, 227 (50%) were female, 228 (50%) were white and 202 (44%) were black, 277 (61%) received a palliative care, and 29 (6.4%) had at least one ICU admission. There was no statistically significant difference in palliative care consults between whites and black patients. Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) order was placed for 140 (30.8%) patients within 60 days of death. DNR status was significantly associated with cancer stage, admission to the ICU and receiving a palliative care consult (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the rate of DNR order between white and black patients, 29.7% (68/229) white patients and 32.2% (65/202) black patients (p = 0.71). Additionally, age, sex, cancer site or histology were not associated with DNR order. Conclusions: In this single institution study of pancreatic cancer patients there was no racial disparity in DNR orders. This can be explained by a high rate of palliative referrals (61%) and a safety net system which improves access to care. Additional studies are needed to understand determinants of DNR order use. Systems based changes, such as early integration of palliative care and increased access to health services can reduce racial disparities in DNR status of minority cancer patients.
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