Background: The ACA of 2010 has been recognized by the cancer community as an important step forward in insurance and payment reform, aiming to expand the number of insured patients, control costs and incentivize health care delivery system changes. In this review, we outline the ACA provisions relevant to cancer survivorship, provide available evidence for their impact, and offer insights for future research. Methods: We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database and grey literature. We searched the terms ‘ACA and cancer survivors’, which resulted in 17 articles and expanded the search to ‘ACA and cancer’ and found 213 articles, of which 75 were relevant for this review. We categorized the ACA provisions into three categories, 1) access to preventive care, 2) access to quality, coordinated care, and 3) coverage expansion and increased affordability. Results: Positive effects of the ACA were: an increased uptake of preventive services and cancer screening; a reduction in hospital admissions, increased guidelines concordance and generic prescribing through the implementation of cancer-specific Accountable Care Organizations; a reduction of unnecessary resource use (e.g. emergency visits) through the implementation of oncology patient-centered medical home models and decreases in costs though bundle payments. These results focus on the general population/cancer patients; specific studies targeting at the effects on cancer survivors are missing. In addition, evidence from literature showed that knowledge about the benefits of the ACA is low among childhood cancer survivors; while insurance coverage rates of cancer survivors, especially for childhood cancer survivors, increased. Conclusions: Evidence regarding the effects of the ACA on cancer survivorship care is limited, though point to greater access to preventive services and screening programs. Effects of provisions focusing on quality, coordinated care as well as coverage expansion and affordability may have beneficial effects. Whether the ACA remains or is reformed, it is critically important that decisions take into account the potential intended and unintended consequences of the ACA provisions on health outcomes and quality of life of this growing population.