Background: The superiority of chemotherapy regimens employing a taxane plus a platinum agent over standard therapy with doxorubicin plus cisplatin (AP) was recently demonstrated for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. This multicenter phase III trial evaluated the clinical benefit of taxane plus platinum agent regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy compared with AP for endometrial cancer patients at high risk of recurrence after surgery. Methods: Endometrial cancer patients having a high risk of recurrence and postoperative residual disease < 2 cm were randomly assigned (1:1:1) with stratification by FIGO stage and histologic grade to receive 6 cycles of doxorubicin (60 mg/m²) plus cisplatin (50 mg/m²) on day 1 (AP), docetaxel (70 mg/m²) plus cisplatin (60 mg/m²) on day 1 (DP) or paclitaxel (180 mg/m²) plus carboplatin (AUC 6.0 mg/mL x minute) on day 1 (TC) every 3 weeks as adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), adverse events, and tolerability. Results: From November 2006 to January 2011, 788 patients were enrolled from 118 institutions in Japan and were eligible for evaluation. The proportion of patients receiving 6 cycles was 80% for AP, 83% for DP, and 76% for TC, and tolerability of the regimens showed no significant difference. After a median follow-up period of 7.0 years, there was no statistical difference of PFS (P=0.1246) or OS (P=0.6734) among the 3 groups. The 5-year PFS rate was 74.9% for AP, 80.9% for DP, and 74.7% for TC, while the 5-year OS rates were 84.3%, 89.3%, and 88.4%, respectively. Conclusions: There was no significant difference of survival among patients receiving AP, DP, or TC as adjuvant chemotherapy for endometrial cancer. Since each regimen showed adequate tolerability, taxane plus platinum agent regimens may be a reasonable alternative to AP. Clinical trial information: UMIN000000522.