Background: Perioperative mortality and readmission rates are evolving metrics of care being monitored in radical cystectomies (RC). We aim to evaluate these outcomes in open radical cystectomies (ORC) and robotic assisted radical cystectomies (RARC) reported in the National Cancer Database adjusted by surgery type. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, patients treated with RC from 2003 to 2010 were identified. We evaluated the association between 90-day conditional mortality and readmission with respect to surgery type, adjusted by patient (age, gender, race/ethnicity, Charlson-Deyo score, tumor type, clinical stage, margin status and receipt of neoadjuvant chemo-or radiotherapy) and facility characteristics (overall cystectomy volume and facility type [Academic/Research, Comprehensive Community, or other]). Results: 16,923 RC cases (13,236 ORC, 3,687 RARC) were identified with 480 deaths (3.6%) after ORC and 99 deaths (2.7%) after RARC within 90 days, conditional upon surviving 30 days post-surgery. Comparing <3 ORC/year to >20 ORC/year, 90-day overall conditional mortality rates decreased from 4.0% to 2.5%. In stratified analyses, 90-day conditional mortality rates decreased from 4.2% to 2.7% for ORC and 2.7% to 2.0% for RARC. Center volume was strongly associated with 90-day conditional survival (p=0.002), independent of surgery type. In multivariable analysis of 90-day conditional mortality, age (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04, p<0.0001), comorbidites (OR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.12-1.6, p=0.0005), margin rates (OR=3.5,95% CI: 2.9-4.3, p<0.0001) as well as facility volume (OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, p=0.001), were predictive of 90-day conditional mortality. Cystectomy volume did not predict 30 day readmission, but Charlson-Deyo score 1-2 (OR=1.274, 1.112-1.461 95% CI, p=0.0005) and receipt of neoadjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy (OR=1.161, 1.032-1.307 95% CI, p=0.0134) were significantly associated with 30-day readmission. Conclusions: Patients were less likely to incur death following robotic or open cystectomy within 90 days as institutional cystectomy volume increased. 30 day readmission rates were not influenced by institutional cystectomy volume.