Background: Although epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has been recognized as the standard of care in patients with NSCLC harboring sensitive EGFR mutations in advanced stages, their benefits as adjuvant therapy after resection compared with standard platinum-based chemotherapy remained unclear. There is still not an EGFR-TKI that has been approved in adjuvant setting worldwide. Based on results from ICOGEN (NCT01040780) and a large real-world report (n > 6,000), icotinib (an EGFR-TKI developed in China) has been approved in front-line setting in advanced diseases. This trial is the first study that targeting at expanding the indication of EGFR-TKI to adjuvant setting, with an application for China Food and Drug Administration approval. Methods: This is a phase 3, multicenter, open labeled, and randomized controlled trial. Pathological stage II-IIIA NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations (deletion in exon 19 and L858R in exon 21) after complete resection were eligible. The primary endpoint is disease-free survival (DFS) and secondary endpoints are overall survival, tolerability and quality of life. The sample size was specified assuming a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.67, equating to an increase in median DFS from an expected 28 months for chemotherapy to 42 months for icotinib. To provide 85% power at a two-sided 5% significance level, and an estimated 10% dropout rate, a total of 320 patients are required. Eligible patients will be 1:1 randomly assigned to receive icotinib or platinum doublets. Experimental arm received icotinib 125 mg tid orally for up to 2 years while the active control arm received intravenously vinorelbine 25 mg/m², day 1 and day 8 and cisplatin 75 mg/m² day 1, 21 days/cycle for up to 4 cycles, until disease relapse or intolerable toxicity. Free icotinib will be provided to patients in the control arm upon relapse. Recruitment was started since June 1^st, 2015 and is active in 17 out of 31 centers currently. The duration of recruitment will be 61 months (18 months of recruitment and 43 months of follow-up). Clinical trial information: NCT02448797