Background: In the CheckMate 025 study (NCT01668784), pts treated with nivo had an OS benefit vs eve (hazard ratio=0.73; 98.5% CI, 0.57 to 0.93), and median scores on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Kidney Symptom Index–Disease Related Symptoms (FKSI-DRS) scale increased from baseline (BL) and were significantly (P<0.05) improved with nivo vs eve through week 104 (NEJM 2015;373:1803–13). Here we present a full analysis of QoL in relation to OS. Methods: QoL was measured by the kidney-specific FKSI-DRS questionnaire at BL and every 4 weeks. Chi-square analyses were used to assess differences in the proportion of pts who experienced meaningful improvement (2-point change) with nivo vs eve. OS was assessed by subgroups of pts with FKSI-DRS improvement (≥2-point increase), no change (<2-point increase or decrease), and deterioration (≥2-point decrease) at week 8 using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: BL QoL was collected for 86% of all randomized pts; 361/410 (nivo) and 343/411 (eve). Over the course of the study, 55% of pts experienced meaningful DRS improvement with nivo vs 37% with eve (P<0.001). Median (95% CI) time to improvement in DRS occurred at 4.7 (3.7–7.5) months with nivo and was not estimable (NE) with eve due to the limited number of pts who experienced improvement. Association of change in QoL at week 8 and OS is shown in the table. Results using the EQ-5D questionnaire of general health status will be presented. Conclusions: In this global study of pts with aRCC, treatment with nivo vs eve resulted in a significantly greater proportion of pts experiencing meaningful QoL improvement, and improvement or no change in QoL at 8 weeks was associated with an OS benefit with nivo vs eve. These results suggest that the assessment of QoL may be helpful for evaluating the extent of OS benefit in clinical practice. Clinical trial information: NCT01668784