Assessing clinical response in multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs): Validation of a daratumumab IFE reflex assay (DIRA) to distinguish malignant M-protein from therapeutic antibody.

Authors

null

Christopher McCudden

Dept. of Pathology & Lab. Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Christopher McCudden , Amy Axel , Dominique Slaets , Sandy Frans , Jaime Bald , Jordan Mark Schecter , Tahamtan Ahmadi , Torben Plesner , Kate Sasser

Organizations

Dept. of Pathology & Lab. Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, BARC, a division of CERBA European Lab, Ghent, Belgium, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium, Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ, Vejle Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark

Research Funding

No funding sources reported

Background: Residual therapeutic mAbs can be detected by assays intended to monitor clonal myeloma protein (M-protein). Daratumumab, a human anti-CD38 IgG1k mAb in MM clinical trials, has been detected on serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation (IFE) gels, interfering with IMWG response criteria requiring negative SPE/IFE for CR/sCR. As new therapeutics emerge that induce very deep responses a method is needed to confirm CR/sCR. Validation and use in clinical studies of an assay that distinguishes daratumumab from M-protein is presented. Methods: Mouse anti-daratumumab antibody is used to shift daratumumab’s IFE migration away from M-protein. Commercial and daratumumab-treated MM patient samples were evaluated to assess specificity, reproducibility and concordance. Detection of M-protein depletion by DIRA triggered additional clinical testing to confirm CR/sCR. Results: Daratumumab was identified on IFE in 10/10 samples when added to commercial MM serum in a 1:1 ratio with anti-daratumumab. Reproducibility was tested in 3 independent DIRA runs on 10 samples from daratumumab treated patients (16 mg/kg). 2 independent reviewers assessed daratumumab and M-protein levels and observed 100% concordance. Specificity was evaluated in commercial (n = 16) and daratumumab-treated patient samples (n = 36) by scoring whether the malignant M-protein was shifted with the anti-idiotype antibody. 94.4% (34/36) of samples had no shift in M-protein with anti-daratumumab. 33 daratumumab patient samples (from single-agent or combination studies) were DIRA tested and clinical responses assessed; 13 (39%) had no M-protein (DIRA -ve) and 10 were confirmed as CR. 20 patients had malignant M-protein remaining (DIRA +ve) and monitoring continued. Conclusions: DIRA, a robust and reproducible tool, determines if residual IgGk on IFE is caused by the mAb daratumumab or actual M-protein. DIRA results can trigger further assessments to confirm clinical CR. This first approach to distinguish therapeutic mAb from M-protein in MM will be needed for clinical research and eventually MM treatment.

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Abstract Details

Meeting

2015 ASCO Annual Meeting

Session Type

Poster Session

Session Title

Lymphoma and Plasma Cell Disorders

Track

Hematologic Malignancies—Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Sub Track

Multiple Myeloma

Citation

J Clin Oncol 33, 2015 (suppl; abstr 8590)

DOI

10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.8590

Abstract #

8590

Poster Bd #

408

Abstract Disclosures

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