Background: Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is an option increasingly used by women who wish to reduce their risk of breast cancer or its local recurrence. There is limited data on demographic differences among patients who choose to undergo this procedure. Methods: The population-based Florida cancer registry, Florida’s Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) data, and U.S. census data were linked and queried for patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1996 to 2009. The main outcome variable was the rate of CPM in those with a single unilateral cancer diagnosis. Primary predictors were race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, and insurance status. Results: The rates of CPM rose from 2% in 1996 to 4.8% in 2006 up to 8% in 2009. The population studied was 91.1% white and 7.5% black; 89.1% non-Hispanic and 10.9% Hispanic. Out of 21,608 included patients, 837 (3.9%) underwent CPM. Significantly more white than black (3.9 versus 2.8%; p < 0.001) and more Hispanic than non-Hispanic (4.5 versus 3.8%; p = 0.0909) underwent CPM. Those in the highest SES category had higher rates of CPM compared to the lowest SES category (5.3 versus 2.9%; p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, Blacks and uninsured patients had significantly less CPM compared to whites and private patients (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.42- 0.83, p = 0.002) and (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.36- 0.98, p = 0.043), respectively. Conclusions: CPM rates are significantly increasing; these rates were significantly different among patients of different race, socioeconomic class, and insurance coverage. This observation is not accounted for by population distribution, incidence or disease stage. More in-depth study of the causes of this increase and the disparities in healthcare delivery is critically needed.