Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate characteristics associated with burnout in Canadian oncologists and oncology resident physicians (ORP). Methods: Canadian medical oncologists (MO), radiation oncologists (RO) and ORP were asked to complete a self-administered survey which included: a validated single-item measure of burnout, questions regarding personal and professional characteristics, impact of work-related stress on family life and an exploration of the oncologists’ support network. A similar survey was sent to spouses to determine the spouse’s perception of oncologist burnout Results: A total of 307 oncologists and ORP completed the survey (median age 47, including 45% MO, 43% RO, 12% ORP). The response rate was 31%. The prevalence of high burnout in each group was: 20% MO, 14% RO, and 20% ORP. Overall, 61% MO and 37% RO reported a high work-overload, 25% MO and 22% RO had high work-family conflict, and 11% MO and 14% RO had family-work conflict. Regarding career satisfaction, 15% MO and 16% RO regreted their decision to become a physician, 23% MO and 29% RO considered leaving their current province, 17% MO and 20% RO considered leaving oncology as a career altogether. The concordance rate for burnout between physicians and spouses was 77.6% (kappa = 0.32). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with burnout included female gender, less exercise, less alcohol consumption and lower level of co-worker support. Factors included in the multi-variable analysis that were not associated with burnout include: age, number of cancer sites covered, spousal support, as well as time allocated to patient care and doing work tasks at home. Conclusions: Across Canada, one in five oncologists reported having high burnout. This is a lower rate than previously reported. Predictors of burnout in Canadian oncologists are different compared to a recently reported study of medical oncologists in the United States.