Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Eberechi Sandra Agwa , Samuel T. Chao , Lingling Du , Vyshak Alva Venur , Paul Elson , Gene H. Barnett , Lilyana Angelov , John H. Suh , Manmeet Singh Ahluwalia
Background: NSCLC is the most common cause of BM and GPA is used as a prognostic index (PI) for BM. We evaluated its validity in a contemporary large cohort treated at a single tertiary care institution. Preliminary data was presented at ASCO 2013. Methods: IRB approved. NSCLC BM treated between 2000 and 2012 was identified from the Cleveland Clinic Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center’s database. OS from the diagnosis of NSCLC BM was the primary end point.Cox proportional hazards models were used for data analysis. Results: 958 (54% male) patients were included for final analysis. Median age at BM diagnosis was 62 years (29-92). Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) was 90-100 in 345 (39%), 70-80 in 415 (47%) and <70 in 116 (13%) patients. Single BM was noted in 448 (47%), 2 BM in 169 (18%), 3 BM in 92 (10%), 4 BM in 49 (5%), 5 BM in 56 (6%) and >5 in 136 (14%) patients. Initial therapy included stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in 186 (20%) patients, whole brain radiation (WBRT) in 420 (44%), surgery (S) + WBRT in 132 (14%), WBRT + SRS in 138 (15%) and S + SRS in 23 (2%) patients, while 20 patients underwent only S, 11 patients received medical therapy alone, 17 were observed, 1 patient had S, WBRT + SRS. Median OS from diagnosis of BM was 7.8 months (95% C.I. 7.1-8.9).GPA for lung cancer is derived from KPS, number of BM, the presence/absence of extracranial metastases and age. GPA was prognostic for survival with very good separation between each of the groups (p<.0001). Conclusions: Even in the modern era GPA is still a valid PI for OS in NSCLC patients with BM.
Factor | N (%) | Median survival (months) |
P* |
---|---|---|---|
KPS | |||
90-100 | 345 (39%) | 12.0 | <0.001 |
70-80 | 415 (47%) | 7.5 | |
< 70 | 116 (13%) | 2.8 | |
Number of brain metastases | |||
1 | 448 (46%) | 10.0 | <0.001 |
2-3 | 261 (27%) | 7.4 | |
>3 | 241 (25%) | 6.3 | |
Extracranial metastases | |||
No | 434 (46%) | 12.1 | <0.001 |
Yes | 502 (54%) | 5.6 | |
Age (years) | |||
<50 | 122 (13%) | 11.9 | <0.001 |
50-60 | 291 (30%) | 9.8 | |
>60 | 544 (57%) | 6.4 | |
GPA | |||
0 - 1.0 | 209 (24%) | 3.4 | <0.001 |
1.5 - 2.0 | 312 (36%) | 7.0 | |
2.5 - 3.0 | 275 (32%) | 13.0 | |
3.5 - 4.0 | 62 (7%) | 23.2 |
*Proportional hazards model stratified by when brain metastases were diagnosed.
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