Background: Patients with advanced cancer are receiving increasingly aggressive medical care at the end-of-life (EOL). Population-based studies have not examined the medical care that ovarian cancer patients receive near death. Methods: We identified a national cohort of 6,956 Medicare beneficiaries who were living in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas, were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer between 1996 and 2007, and died from ovarian cancer by December 2007. Using multivariable models, we examined rates of aggressive medical care within 30 days of death over time and examined indications for hospitalizations near death. Results: Adjusted rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and emergency department (ED) visits increased significantly between 1996 and 2007 (ICU: 6.4% to 16.6%, p<0.0001 and ≥2 ED visits: 19.7% to 32.1%, p<0.0001). In contrast, late (within 7 days death) or absent hospice referrals decreased (63.1% to 47.8%, p<0.001) and chemotherapy use within 30 days of death decreased slightly (8.1% vs. 7.1%; p=0.04). Although terminal hospitalizations decreased (28.0% to 19.1%, p=0.001), rates of hospitalizations near death increased over time (41.4% vs. 45.3%, p=0.01). The most common indications for hospitalization included: bowel obstructions (20.0%), infections (10.4%), fluid or electrolyte abnormalities (9.2%), and malignant effusions (8.1%). Conclusions: Despite significant increases in the use of hospice near death, utilization of ICUs, EDs, and acute inpatient care at the EOL rose significantly between 1997 and 2007 for older ovarian cancer patients. Future studies should examine whether this high-intensity health care is avoidable given evidence that high-intensity care is associated with lower patient quality-of-life near death and increased complications in bereaved caregivers.